Marine mammals and other marine megafauna are subject to a variety of impacts related with human activities. Among those, the collisions with vessels (generally known as ship strikes, or vessel strikes) are a signific...
The purpose of this publication is to provide the compilers of European statistics on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in households and by individuals with clarifications on how to apply the ...
GIs are special labels that show a product comes from a specific place and is made using local skills and traditions. Think of Solingen knives or Murano glass – their names are known worldwide because of where and h...
As the geopolitical landscape evolves and new threats emerge, the EU needs a new European approach to internal security. Crime is becoming faster, more digital, and better organised. Hybrid threats undermine our democ...
The European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation (Eurojust) held its annual meeting on migrant smuggling on 20 and 21 November 2024. The meeting was attended by a large number of judicial practitioners with ...
This report has been drawn up in accordance with Article 63 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1727 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 November 2018 on the EU Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation (Eurojust) (...
On 13 June 2024, the new Regulation on standards of quality and safety for substances of human origin (SoHO) intended for human application was publishedi. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)...
This paper investigates the role of firms in the transmission of monetary policy to individual labor market outcomes, both the intensive and extensive margins. Using German matched employer-employee administrative dat...
This paper investigates the impact of regional institutional quality on economic growth and economic resilience. Using data collected by the Quality of Government Institute, we conduct a two-way fixed effect panel reg...
The primary objective of this study is to explore the dynamic relationships between equity returns or volatility and sentiment factors in European markets during both the periods preceding the COVID-19 pandemic, the C...
This document provides a description of the data collection methodology for the ETER data collection, i.e. the main data collection on individual Higher Education Institutions undertaken with National Authorities; thi...
This document aims to provide public health authorities in European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries with guidance for improved preparedness planning taking the lessons that have been identified thr...
Formulating evidence-based policies for public health is a complex task. Decision-making must explicitly consider the best available evidence, and contextual factors, as well as the insights of decision-makers, stakeh...
Globally, more than 300 million people are living with viral hepatitis and there are more than one million people die each year due to liver disease caused by hepatitis. Effective prevention and control strategies exi...
As stated in Article 8 of the Regulation (EU) 2022/2371 on Serious Cross-Border Threats to Health, ECDC has the responsibility, in coordination with relevant Union agencies and bodies, to conduct Public Health Emergen...
The Intelligent Cities Challenge (ICC) is a European Commission initiative that supports cities in using cutting-edge technologies to lead the intelligent, green and socially responsible recovery. ICC cities and their...
Global catches of sole species reached 20.779 tonnes in 20221, consisting almost entirely of the common sole. Catches decreased by 43% compared to 2013. In 2022, the EU accounted for 66% of total catches with the Neth...
Carbon farming holds a central position in the European Union’s drive towards climate neutrality by 2050, given the significant mitigation potential in agriculture and land use. Recognising the need for credible, hi...
The European Green Deal, the Farm to Fork Strategy and the Sustainable Blue Economy Communication identify algae as an important source of alternative protein for a sustainable food system and global food security. Th...
The EU aims to become climate neutral by 2050, in line with its commitment to global climate action under the Paris Agreement. This Result Pack focuses on 11 EU-funded Horizon 2020 projects that are helping to pave th...
This study aims to offer an in-depth analysis of water scarcity, availability, and usage in the face of climate change. By employing a comprehensive foresight methodology that includes an extensive literature review, ...
The MLE on AI in science Topic 3: Talent for AI in Science thematic report explores the challenges and opportunities in developing, attracting, and retaining AI talent in science across Europe. It highlights the growi...
Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease, which affects cattle, swine, sheep, goats and other cloven-hoofed animals. It spreads rapidly amongst these animals, through direct contact between animals,...
Institutional decentralisation is crucial for the health of democratic societies, as it cultivates effective local leadership and enables the resolution of local issues by empowering decision-makers at the level close...
This paper investigates the impact of reforms altering legal central bank independence (CBI) on monetary policy discipline and credibility, two key mechanisms shaping price stability. Using a sample of 155 countries o...
The European Union’s Clean Industrial Deal (CID) seeks to align industrial competitiveness with decarbonisation, ensuring economic resilience amid geopolitical challenges. The success of this will depend on progress...
This paper examines the role and impact of Official Development Assistance (ODA) on human development outcomes, focusing on health, education and extreme poverty eradication. The aim is to consolidate existing knowled...
This report documents the work done in the most recent annual update for Croatia. This work was carried out by the EUROMOD core development team, based at the JRC in Seville, in collaboration with the national team.
This joint NESET-EENEE analytical report is based on a detailed literature review of the most recent European and international research on effective approaches to the teaching of literacy, highlighting practices that...
This document provides a description of the data collection methodology for the ETER data collection, i.e. the main data collection on individual Higher Education Institutions undertaken with National Authorities; thi...
Overall, in 2022 government effectiveness in Austria was above the EU-27 average, ranking in the top third, and remained stable compared with 2019 (before the impact of COVID-19). The stability of government effective...
This first-year Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) Report assesses the implementation of the AU–EU Innovation Agenda (2023– 2033), adopted in July 2023 following the AU-EU Ministerial on Science, Technolog...
The mapping report presents an inventory of standards and solutions currently being used by European University alliances to make interoperable virtual (inter-institutional) European campuses reality. The report is a ...
The report provides a detailed analysis of the design and implementation of Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) roadmaps aimed at advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Develop...
Meeting Europe’s environmental and sustainability goals requires transitioning industry toward a circular economy, centred on the production and use of innovative chemicals and materials that are safe, non-toxic, su...
EU enlargement has stalled since the last member joined over ten years ago, marking the longest period without expansion since 1973. This elapsed time contrasts with the potential income gains membership promises. Dra...
The newly established African Union Support and Stabilisation Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM) is already facing financial uncertainty. Hopes of securing UN funding – and piloting a new model for supporting African peace...
As resilience challenges in the Eastern neighbourhood continue to grow, the EU will find it more difficult to mobilise resources to help local partners adapt in the face of adversity. The recent USAID cuts and the rea...
This report provides the methodological guidelines for calculating the carbon footprint of industrial batteries (CFB-IND), providing the basis for the enforcement of requirements as in Article 7 of Regulation (EU) 202...
Still reeling from October’s catastrophic floods, Valencia is testing new practices to counter climate-change related risks. Creating a methodological framework to support decision-makers and learning from pilot pro...
The research titled "Revving Up Energy Autonomy: A Forecast-Driven Framework for Reducing Reverse Power Flow in Microgrids" explores innovative, forecast-driven framework aimed at enhancing energy autonomy in microgri...
Nickel (Ni) is used in the cathodes of rechargeable batteries for e-mobility and energy storage and in superalloys for turbines in aerospace and renewable energy generation. It is corrosion resistant, increases materi...
Platinum group metals (PGMs) include platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium and rhodium. They are excellent catalysts and indispensable for hydrogen technologies. They play a key role in hydrogen fuel cells and elect...
Magnesium (Mg) is the lightest structural metal, offering a high strength-to-weight ratio, making it ideal for automotive, aerospace and defence applications. It is widely used in lightweight vehicle parts to improve ...
Manganese (Mn) is a metal used for energy storage and steel production. In battery technology, manganese is used in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, where it enhances stability and cost-effectiveness. In steelmak...
Aluminium (Al) is widely used in society. Its high strength-to-weight ratio makes it ideal for aircraft frames, satellites, and electric vehicle bodies, where reducing mass improves fuel efficiency and performance. It...
Graphite (C) is widely used in strategic technologies, particularly as the primary anode material in lithium-ion batteries for electromobility and energy storage. Most graphite is supplied from by natural graphite min...
Rare earth elements (REEs) is a group of 17 elements. The elements neodymium, praseodymium, terbium, dysprosium, gadolinium, samarium, and cerium are essential for high performance permanent magnets used in electric v...
Lithium (Li) is particularly important for battery technology (Li-Ion batteries) for electro-mobility and energy storage, due to its electrochemical properties. Most lithium is supplied from primary resources like har...
Germanium (Ge) is a semiconductor material with excellent infrared transparency and optical properties, making it indispensable in sensors, night vision systems, thermal imaging cameras, and high-speed fibre optics. I...
Gallium’s (Ga) unique semiconducting properties enable highly efficient power management chips. Gallium arsenide is used for power amplifiers in devices, in telecommunications such as 5G, satellite communication and...
Boron (B) is used in permanent neodymium magnets, in high-performance glass for e.g. photovoltaic panels, and chip production. Boron fibres and composites are used in aerospace structures, armour and ballistic-resista...
Copper (Cu) is used in all electrical and electronic applications, including renewable energy technologies, power grids, electric vehicles, electronic devices, aircrafts and defence technologies. Copper is mined both ...
Protecting minors online is one of the key pillars of the DSA, which contains an obligation for all online platforms to provide a high level of privacy, safety and security for minors using their services. The Europea...
This report presents the findings of research conducted by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) on existing child protection systems across all EU Member States. The 27 national reports, commissioned...
ERICs are legal entities set up under EU law to facilitate the establishment and operation of research infrastructures with European interest. They can be used either for establishing a new research infrastructure or ...
This report presents the main outcomes from the Commission’s assessment of the second programmes of measures, which all Member States had to report by 31 March 2022. These programmes are an update since the first im...
Illicit drug use and trafficking are global issues, threatening the health and security of EU citizens. Today’s drug situation is complex, with potent substances being produced, trafficked and sold on an unprecedent...
Tungsten (W) is one of the foremost defence materials, widely used in high-strength applications, and ammunition. It is suitable as well for high-temperature applications such as supersonic and hypersonic vehicles. Tu...
The European Union (EU) Emergency Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF for Africa) was set up to support the most vulnerable and marginalised people, including refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), migrants and member...
This report evaluates the current status of social protection systems in the six Western Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia), covering the four core instr...
Europol is the EU’s law enforcement agency, supporting the 27 EU Member States in their fight against serious international crime and terrorism. Europol also works closely with non-EU partner countries, other EU age...
The present report provides an overall picture of the status of environment and climate - air quality, emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases - (GHG), forests, soil and marine environment in Ukraine. The ana...
The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need for robust open data infrastructures to support data-driven public health decision-making, particularly for controlling infectious diseases. Current open data policies often ...
The main strengths of the NRSF include its continuity as a dedicated national strategy for Roma inclusion, ensuring financial commitment and policy focus on key areas such as education, housing, and employment. Additi...
This report aims to convey to the Council, the new Parliament as well as the other EU institutions and stakeholders the latest evidence on the state of water, the pressures water resources are under and Member States...
The main objective of the European protocol for the surveillance of SSIs is to ensure standardisation of definitions, data collection and reporting procedures for hospitals participating in the national/regional surve...
Key figures on the EU in the world provides a statistical portrait of the European Union in relation to other parts of the world. It’s structured into 3 chapters: people and society, the economy and trade, and the e...
The Water Resilience Experiment aims to contribute to the European Commission’s Water Resilience Strategy through the lens of design for policy and behavioural insights. The project focused on increasing cross-DG co...
With €150 billion, the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) currently provides the largest EU funding for the EU’s digital transition. We assessed whether the digital measures included in the national plans addr...
TNO has been requested by the European Commission (EC) to perform a study regarding quiet tyres. For the purpose of this study, the EC defines a quiet tyre as a tyre with a noise level at least 4 dB(A) below the set c...
The JRC Highlights Report 2024 focuses on the impact of key JRC contributions in 2024 and celebrates these achievements with external actors directly involved. It shines the spotlight on 11 highlights, and provides ke...
The Initiative for coal regions in transition developed various support materials to assist practitioners in coal+ regions (including peat and oil shale regions) across Europe. - Transition strategies - Governance of ...
EU manufacturing firms face the dual challenge of decarbonisation and (international) competitive pressure. This policy brief analyses emissions and output trends in the EU ETS, sector-specific industrial innovation, ...
This policy brief contends that a new approach to Long Term Contracts (LTCs) in European competition policy based on new facts, new realities and a revised reasoning must be urgently developed. To reach net zero as re...
The Fusion Expert Group (FEG) supports the development of an EU Fusion Strategy, expected to be published in view of the proposal of the Euratom Research & Training Programme for 2028–2032. This FEG Opinion Paper en...
Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) play a key role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the Directorate General for International Partnerships (DG INTPA) of...
Giancarlo is an Italian entrepreneur, owner of the company ScifiHaus. He is a fan of Sci-Fi videogames and has developed a space-themed Hotel in which clients may spend the night in rooms inspired by famous sci-fi sce...
The Joint Research Centre (JRC) Water Laboratory has worked with the Education for Climate Coalition to develop a role-play game on debating solutions to water quality contamination. The starting point and context for...
In the North Seas region, a coalition of 9 countries expressed the ambition to quadruple their offshore wind capacity from 30 GW to 120 GW by 2030, and to then more than double the capacity between 2030 and 2050 to re...
This study explores the current and future flexibility needs in the electricity system as well as existing and potential solutions to efficiently integrate renewable energy and facilitate electrification of end-uses. ...
In this paper, we propose and analyse four scenarios of a second Trump administration’s economic policy and its impact on Europe, ranging all the way from moderate tariffs to full trade war, a full multilateral brea...
Both the Parlamentarium Simone Veil located at the European Parliament in Strasbourg and the Alsace-Moselle Memorial in Schirmeck offer visitors a fascinating view of European politics and the symbolism of the region....
Technological innovation is a key enabler for reaching the strategic EU objectives in the transport field, such as decarbonisation and digitalization. This report identifies and presents a selection of new and emergin...
This working group report from the Green Deal Projects Support Office highlights the pivotal role of citizens in driving the European Green Deal’s objectives. Focusing on participatory approaches, citizen science, a...
Giancarlo is an Italian entrepreneur, owner of the company ScifiHaus. He is a fan of Sci-Fi videogames and has developed a space-themed Hotel in which clients may spend the night in rooms inspired by famous sci-fi sce...
This study explores the role and enhancement of parliamentary capacities in the European Union (EU) enlargement process, focusing on the EU’s evolving accession methodology and its emphasis on the ‘fundamentals’...
The Joint Research Centre (JRC) Water Laboratory has worked with the Education for Climate Coalition to develop a role-play game on debating solutions to water quality contamination. The starting point and context for...
The EIC STEP Scale Up call is currently using existing standard Horizon Europe forms for the application process. Given these forms terminology does not always align with an equity based terminology, this guidance doc...
As part of a package to address migrant smuggling, on 28 November 2023, the European Commission proposed a regulation to strengthen police cooperation and Europol’s role in the fight against migrant smuggling and tr...
This report discusses the findings of an online survey of European citizens’ attitudes to social challenges and their willingness to participate in activities aimed at addressing these challenges. The results show c...
This paper has been commissioned by the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) with the financial assistance of the European Union (EU) as a contribution to the side-event “The future of responsible s...
Detecting emerging technologies is crucial for policymaking as it helps to anticipate future trends and address their potential societal, economic, and security impacts. Early identification also allows policymakers t...
More than 20 years ago, a major and unprecedented development occurred in the European Union with the adoption in 2000 of two pieces of EU legislation in the field of anti-discrimination: the Racial Equality Directive...
Modern cryptography is fundamental to securing the financial ecosystem. The emergence of quantum computers capable of breaking current cryptographic methods presents a challenge to the entire financial ecosystem. Addr...