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Featured Publications

The European Defence Industry Programme (EDIP) is the European Union’s initiative to ramp-up defence production in Europe and Ukraine, incentivise common defence procurement, and increase Europe’s strategic autono...
April 2, 2026
op.europa.eu
This study provides an in-depth analysis of the role of EU Cohesion Policy in supporting SMEs operating in critical technology areas, with a particular focus on biotechnology, artificial intelligence, advanced connect...
April 9, 2026
op.europa.eu
Theatre nuclear weapons in NATO's deterrence: Towards the revival of flexible response
April 8, 2026
fiia.fi
Increasing damage from natural disasters has prompted a better integrated approach to disaster risk management in Europe. Although the current European Union budget supports ex- ante action (prevention and preparednes...
April 9, 2026
op.europa.eu
This study provides country-specific data and analysis on the potential impacts of the proposed revision of the EU Tobacco Taxation Directive (TTD). Using the Tobacco Excise Tax Simulation Model, it focuses on nine Me...
April 9, 2026
op.europa.eu
Africa and the EU find themselves at the heart of intensifying global competition over energy flows, as the war in Iran disrupts global markets. Meanwhile, the US pursues fossil fuel dominance and China leads in renew...
April 9, 2026
op.europa.eu
The LIFE Programme is the EU’s funding instrument dedicated to environmental and climate action, supporting projects that contribute to the implementation of EU policies and legislation. This brochure provides an ov...
April 2, 2026
op.europa.eu
Tobacco is one of the leading causes of death in the EU and globally. While tobacco health effects are widely explored and updated, recent studies on tobacco costs for society are lacking. The aim of this work is to e...
April 9, 2026
op.europa.eu
This report presents statistics on the use of novel tobacco and nicotine products in the EU, with a focus on the younger population. It examines the trends and patterns of use of electronic-cigarettes, heated tobacco ...
April 9, 2026
op.europa.eu
Tobacco consumption is the single most preventable cause of illness and death in the European Union, accounting for almost 520 000 deaths in 2021. The emergence of new tobacco and nicotine-related products, including ...
April 9, 2026
op.europa.eu
Industrial Reinforcement Actions (IRA) are a key component of the European Defence Industry Programme (EDIP). With over EUR 700 million of funding, IRA is EDIPs largest component and aims to ramp-up defence production...
April 2, 2026
op.europa.eu
Common Procurement Actions (CPA) under the European Defence Industry Programme (EDIP) aim to reduce the fragmentation of the European defence market and to increase interoperability by incentivising Member States and ...
April 2, 2026
op.europa.eu

Publications (1235)

Economy
Wealth taxation, including net wealth, capital and exit taxes
Report
April 16, 2026
op.europa.eu
Wealth taxation, including net wealth, capital and exit taxes
Open
Finance
The Private Finance Mobilisation Gap
Report
April 14, 2026
systemiq.earth
The Private Finance Mobilisation Gap
Open
Economy
Corporate income taxation and investment - A review of empiric...
Policy Brief
April 9, 2026
op.europa.eu
This brief discusses how reforms in Member States related to taxation, in particular business taxation, can contribute to spurring investment, while respecting the need to maintain public revenue in a context of high ...
Open
Banking
Who owns crypto in the euro area?Drivers of crypto adoption, p...
Publication
April 9, 2026
op.europa.eu
Using a survey of 39,507 adults in 17 euro-area countries, I find that crypto-asset owners and the niche subgroup of payers have distinct profiles. Owners – typically younger, male, and financially active – exhibi...
Open
Economy
Severe weather and financial (in)stability
Policy Brief
April 9, 2026
op.europa.eu
We quantify the effect of severe weather shocks on the US economy in an environment in which the economy can switch between periods of financial stability and financial instability, like the Great Recession. We estima...
Open
Economy
EC Multiannual financial framework post 2027
Infographic
April 2, 2026
op.europa.eu
The debate on the next long-term budget is not just about money, it is about the future we want for our Union
Open
Businesses still face considerable barriers when providing services in another EU member state. Focusing on the EU Services Directive, this audit assessed whether the Commission was effective in removing barriers to c...
April 2, 2026
op.europa.eu
Economy
One market, one supervision - Rethinking the supervisory lands...
Publication
April 2, 2026
op.europa.eu
This paper provides an evidence-based assessment of the EU supervisory landscape by combining a comprehensive mapping of supervisory models and authorities with an analysis of capital market players across key sectors...
Open
Competition
Report on competition policy 2024
Report
March 26, 2026
op.europa.eu
The Annual Report on Competition Policy explains how the Commission implements competition policy and how it contributes to the European economy and to improving the welfare of EU citizens. The Report is a non-exhaust...
Open
Economy
ECB staff macroeconomic projections for the euro area. March 2026
Publication
March 26, 2026
op.europa.eu
The euro area economy remained resilient in 2025, despite uncertainty and trade policy shocks. Growth expectations were consistently revised up over the course of last year and the economy broadly maintained this posi...
Open
Banking
Crypto-Asset Monitoring Expert Group (CAMEG) 2025 Conference -...
Publication
March 26, 2026
op.europa.eu
The crypto-asset market has been constantly evolving, and its integration with the financial system and the broader economy has the potential to expand and intensify further in the future. While European authorities a...
Open
Internal Market
Headwinds and springboards for EU industry
Publication
March 26, 2026
op.europa.eu
In 2026 European industry operates in a context of structural and geo-economic shifts that influence how firms compete and how policymakers design their responses. This brief provides a snapshot of some of the main de...
Open
Economy
Heatwaves, coldwaves, floods, and droughts - The short-term im...
Publication
March 26, 2026
op.europa.eu
This paper examines the short-term macroeconomic and sectoral effects of extreme weather events in Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. We construct novel indicators of extreme temperature and precipitation based on per...
Open
Banking
Study on the impact of state aid rules for banks in difficulty
Study
March 19, 2026
op.europa.eu
Abstract (EN) This study evaluates the impact of State aid for banks in difficulty in five areas of assessment: financial stability, competition, banks’ viability, market discipline and moral hazard, and efficiency ...
Open
Finance
EU support for natural disasters budgetary - Mapping and compa...
Publication
March 19, 2026
op.europa.eu
This study maps EU allocations and instruments supporting natural disaster prevention, preparedness, response and recovery under the 2021–2027 Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) and compares them with the Europea...
Open
Institutions
Study supporting the evaluation of the EU Executive Agencies
Study
March 19, 2026
op.europa.eu
According to Article 25 of Council Regulation (EC) No 58/2003, which lays down the statute for executive agencies, an external evaluation on the operation of each agency must be carried out every three years. This rep...
Open
Finance
Enhancing insurability against natural disasters
Research Paper
March 6, 2026
iddri.org
Enhancing insurability against natural disasters
Open
Finance
Strengthening coherence between investment agreements and envi...
Research Paper
March 6, 2026
iddri.org
Strengthening coherence between investment agreements and environmental, social and economic objectives
Open
Finance
Can Blockchain Decentralise Money, Contracts, and Finance?
Policy Brief
March 16, 2026
cepr.org
Can Blockchain Decentralise Money, Contracts, and Finance?
Open
The annual EIB report on investment and investment finance is a product of the EIB Economics Department. The report provides a comprehensive overview of the developments and drivers of investment and investment financ...
March 12, 2026
op.europa.eu
Finance
European business cycle indicators. 4th quarter 2025, Investme...
Report
March 7, 2026
op.europa.eu
The special topic analyses the results of the questions on investment included in the October-November surveys for the manufacturing and services sectors, enquiring about business investment in 2025, as well as plans ...
Open
Economy
Assessment of EU and Member States adaptation investment needs...
Study
March 7, 2026
op.europa.eu
The purpose of this assessment is to provide a robust, evidence-based estimate of the investment needs – as represented by the cost of implementation of adaptation actions – required to adapt to climate risks in E...
Open
Finance
Impacts of the climate transition on public finances - Study o...
Report
March 7, 2026
op.europa.eu
The climate and energy transition will require substantial resources and public sector support to incentivise and boost low-carbon technologies, and to achieve behavioural changes. At the same time, the shift away fro...
Open
Economy
ECB/ESRB workstream on financial stability risks from geoecono...
Publication
March 7, 2026
op.europa.eu
Geoeconomic fragmentation and geopolitical risk have emerged in recent years as defining challenges for economies worldwide, profoundly reshaping the global economic and financial landscape. Heightened geopolitical te...
Open
Economy
Consumer price stickiness in the euro area during an inflation...
Working Paper
March 7, 2026
op.europa.eu
We use CPI micro data for nine euro area countries to document new evidence on consumer price stickiness in the euro area during the 2021-2024 inflation cycle. In 2022, the monthly frequency of price changes reached 1...
Open
2025 marked a milestone for the European Investment Bank Group, which reached a historic €100 billion in new financing. As a cornerstone of the European project, backed by the unified vision of its 27 shareholders, ...
March 7, 2026
op.europa.eu
Banking
Stablecoins and monetary policy transmission
Working Paper
March 7, 2026
op.europa.eu
This paper studies the effects of stablecoin adoption—crypto-assets designed to maintain a stable value relative to a reference asset—on bank intermediation and the transmission of monetary policy. Using evidence ...
Open
EFSA buys services and supplies through public procurement in line with EU legislation and the basic principles of transparency, equal treatment and non-discrimination, widest competition, proportionality and sound fi...
March 7, 2026
op.europa.eu
Institutions
Europe’s budget - CAP post-2027: fostering farm sustainabili...
Report
March 7, 2026
op.europa.eu
In the period 2028-2034, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) remains a key EU policy contributing to food safety, sustainability and resilience of the agrifood sector in face of multiple climate, environment and geo-...
Open
Economy
Investment Report 2025/26: Capitalising on Europe's strengths
Report
March 2, 2026
eib.org
Investment Report 2025/26: Capitalising on Europe's strengths
Open
Economy
Co-creating national bioeconomy roadmaps and contributions to ...
Policy Paper
October 24, 2025
greenovate-europe.eu
Co-creating national bioeconomy roadmaps and contributions to the EU Bioeconomy Strategy
Open
Banking
Informe de actividad de 2025 del Grupo Banco Europeo de Invers...
Report
February 9, 2026
eib.org
Informe de actividad de 2025 del Grupo Banco Europeo de Inversiones
Open
Banking
Powering Europe - EIB 2025 activity report
Report
January 29, 2026
eib.org
Powering Europe - EIB 2025 activity report
Open
Institutions
Delivering on results and protecting the EU budget in 2024
Policy Brief
January 8, 2026
op.europa.eu
The EU budget provided decisive support to cope with various crises: - Unwavering support to Ukraine: By the end of 2024, the EU and its Members States had made available €130 billion in overall assistance to Ukrain...
Open
Economy
Innovation, internationalisation and circularity - Towards a r...
Policy Recommendation
January 8, 2026
op.europa.eu
Innovation, internationalisation and circularity - Towards a road map for the Balearic Islands
Open
Promoting a financial product or service isn’t like promoting shoes or watches. It can have significant negative financial consequences for your followers. You need to take extra precautions. Be aware of the followi...
December 25, 2025
op.europa.eu
Economy
NGEU green bonds allocation and impact report 2025
Publication
December 18, 2025
op.europa.eu
Under the NextGenerationEU (NGEU) instrument at least 37% of spending in Member States’ Recovery and Resilience Plans (RRPs) must be used for sustainable investments and reforms in areas addressing climate change. P...
Open
Economy
Report on tax gaps for fairer taxation and more competitiveness
Infographic
December 18, 2025
op.europa.eu
Report on tax gaps for fairer taxation and more competitiveness
Open
Using a newly constructed dataset, this paper investigates the determinants of cross-regional venture capital (VC) flows within Europe through a structural gravity model. Using Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML)...
December 11, 2025
op.europa.eu
Institutions
ECA strategy 2026-2030 - Reinforcing trust through audit
Report
December 11, 2025
op.europa.eu
The environment in which we operate is complex and competitive, characterised by volatility and uncertainty in the medium term. As we look ahead to the period from 2026 to 2030, several key challenges appear at this m...
Open
Finance
Capital markets in the Baltic region
Report
December 11, 2025
op.europa.eu
This ESM Brief follows up on the recent ESM Discussion Paper Capital Markets Union Redux: towards a deeper and more equitable Savings and Investment Union. In that paper, a comparative approach was applied, aiming to ...
Open
Finance
Digitalisation, social media and bank deposit dynamics: eviden...
Research Paper
December 11, 2025
op.europa.eu
This study sheds light on the impact of digitalisation and social media on deposit flows and rates of euro area banks during the recent period of monetary tightening. Drawing on difference-in-differences analysis of c...
Open
Finance
Best practices for investigating and prosecuting VAT fraud off...
Infographic
December 11, 2025
op.europa.eu
Best practices for investigating and prosecuting VAT fraud offences
Open
Economy
GDP nowcasting for the euro area and member countries 2025 edi...
Report
December 11, 2025
op.europa.eu
This publication evaluates various real-time GDP nowcasting models for the euro area and six member countries (Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, and the Netherlands) using recent data from 2021 to 2024. It compa...
Open
Banking
Geopolitical risk, bank lending and real effects on firms - Ev...
Report
December 11, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper investigates whether geopolitical risk causes a reduction in bank lending. In particular, it focuses on how the increase in geopolitical risk stemming from the Russian invasion of Ukraine affected euro area...
Open
Economy
The bioeconomy - Innovative solutions for a sustainable future
Publication
November 27, 2025
op.europa.eu
The bioeconomy delivers sustainable solutions based on biological resources. These solutions benefit sectors ranging from primary production to value chains of food, health, materials and energy. The EU-funded bioecon...
Open
As the European Union (EU) seeks to transition towards a more sustainable and resilient future, the bioeconomy emerges as a pivotal driver, offering opportunities to advance simultaneously in sustainability and compet...
November 27, 2025
op.europa.eu
Banking
ECB monetary policy after the disinflation
Study
November 27, 2025
op.europa.eu
After the surge in inflation in 2021-2023, the return to price stability and a more challenging global environment have altered the monetary picture and present the ECB with new questions. In this paper, we discuss th...
Open
Banking
Resilience of the banking union’s non-cash payment systems -...
Study
November 27, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper analyses the external dependencies and vulnerabilities in European payments, notably on cloud services or data privacy. It acknowledges that regulatory solutions enhance resilience but have limitations, whi...
Open
The study examines how fragmented tax rules in the European Union could create economic and administrative costs – the 'cost of non-Europe' in taxation. Since tax policy remains largely national, differences in desi...
November 27, 2025
op.europa.eu
Economy
The EU bioeconomy towards 2040 - An exploratory baseline with ...
Research Paper
November 27, 2025
op.europa.eu
As the European Union (EU) seeks to transition towards a more sustainable and resilient future, the bioeconomy emerges as a pivotal driver, offering opportunities to advance simultaneously in sustainability and compet...
Open
In an uncertain global order defined by disruptive technologies, trade barriers, and geopolitical tensions, Europe’s interdependence has become a liability and the bloc’s economy is lagging behind. To maintain its...
November 26, 2025
op.europa.eu
The 18th edition of the Latin American Economic Outlook presents policy options for a greener, more inclusive regional production structure and examines financing mechanisms to support this transformation. It highligh...
November 20, 2025
op.europa.eu
Finance
Frontiers Of Digital Finance
Report
November 7, 2025
cepr.org
Frontiers Of Digital Finance
Open
Economics
Beyond efficiency: putting the social factor at the heart of E...
Press Release
November 11, 2025
Icons
Energy poverty is not just about cold homes; it’s about social exclusion and wasted potential. By blending beauty, participation and innovative finance, a new approach to housing renovation is taking shape. One that...
Open
Establishing the 28th Regime in Europe A Unified Legal Framework to Support Growth and Business
October 6, 2025
ceps.eu
Institutions
2024 Annual report on EU joint undertakings
Report
November 6, 2025
op.europa.eu
This report presents the results of our audit of the JUs for the 2024 financial year. The report is structured as follows: - Chapter 1 describes the JUs and our audit approach. - Chapter 2 presents an overview of the ...
Open
Economy
Environmental statement 2025 update - Including 2024 performan...
Report
November 6, 2025
op.europa.eu
The Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) Environmental Statement 2025 highlights how the European Investment Bank Group reduced its environmental footprint in its Luxembourg buildings in 2024. Published together wit...
Open
Economy
Ecosystem services in a simple macroeconomic framework
Publication
November 6, 2025
op.europa.eu
Economic activity is exerting increasing pressure on natural ecosystems while it depends at the same time on the provision of the services that these ecosystems provide. In this paper, we build on the conceptualisatio...
Open
Economy
BlueComp The competence framework to navigate the blue economy
Study
October 30, 2025
op.europa.eu
BlueComp is the EU competence framework for the blue economy. It offers a comprehensive and future-oriented structure to identify, describe, and develop the key competences essential for sustainable blue economy growt...
Open
Institutions
Evaluation of transparency and integrity
Publication
October 30, 2025
op.europa.eu
This study assesses the implementation of transparency and integrity in European public procurement, as mandated by the 2014 Directives. Analysing data from TED notices (2013–2024), it adopts an evidence-based appro...
Open
Economy
What can newspaper articles reveal about the euro area economy?
Publication
October 30, 2025
op.europa.eu
This study introduces a novel approach to dictionary-based sentiment analysis that extracts valuable insights from economic newspaper articles in the euro area without requiring article translation. We develop sentime...
Open
Economy
Geopolitical Tensions And International Fragmentation Evidence...
Publication
October 14, 2025
cepr.org
Geopolitical Tensions And International Fragmentation Evidence And Implications
Open
Banking
A study on the interaction of capital, liquidity and bank stab...
Study
October 16, 2025
op.europa.eu
The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effects of capital and liquidity on bank stability as well as the existence of a potential complementary or substitute relationship between both dimensions to ex...
Open
Banking
Study on the guarantee notice - Final report
Report
October 16, 2025
op.europa.eu
This study, commissioned by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Competition (DG COMP), evaluates the 2008 Guarantee Notice, in line with the Commission’s Better Regulation principles. The analysis focu...
Open
This report presents the final outcomes of the FISCALIS Project Group on Tax Gap Estimation, a collaborative initiative launched by the European Commission to develop a harmonised approach to estimating tax gaps acros...
October 16, 2025
op.europa.eu
This study reviews new perceptions of an imminent decline of the international role of the US dollar and implications for the euro. It considers developments in international reserves, invoicing, debt and payment syst...
October 16, 2025
op.europa.eu
Economy
Foresight report 2025Resilience 2.0 : empowering the EU to thr...
Publication
October 16, 2025
op.europa.eu
Since the first Strategic Foresight report in 2020, the global order has been shaken tremendously. While that first report explored the concept of resilience mainly linked to the first structural lessons from the Covi...
Open
This progress report presents the current state of development of the CIPHER framework, a robust and scalable platform for monitoring crypto-asset markets, decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols, and blockchain-based ...
October 16, 2025
op.europa.eu
Banking
GDP nowcasting for the euro area and member countries 2025
Report
October 15, 2025
op.europa.eu
This publication evaluates various real-time GDP nowcasting models for the euro area and six member countries (Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, and the Netherlands) using recent data from 2021 to 2024. It compa...
Open
Banking
EIB Investment Survey 2025: European Union overview
Publication
October 13, 2025
eib.org
EIB Investment Survey 2025: European Union overview
Open
Banking
Durability, essentiality, and the transmission of monetary pol...
Working Paper
October 9, 2025
op.europa.eu
In this paper, we examine how different household consumption items respond to monetary policy shocks in the euro area. Specifically, we classify household consumption along two key dimensions: durability and essentia...
Open
Finance
How do rising temperatures affect inflation expectations?
Working Paper
October 9, 2025
op.europa.eu
Global temperatures are rising at an alarming pace and public awareness of climate change is increasing, yet little is known about how these developments affect consumer expectations. We address this gap by conducting...
Open
Finance
The role of engaging stakeholders and of quality assurance for...
Policy Paper
October 9, 2025
op.europa.eu
The objective of this Peer Learning Activity (PLA) was to explore successful approaches to engaging stakeholders and to quality assurance for delivering on the potential of micro-credentials. Developments from the Net...
Open
Finance
Remaining barriers to post-trade integration in the EU
Policy Brief
October 9, 2025
op.europa.eu
In recent years, the integration of EU capital markets has become a key priority for policymakers and stakeholders across the EU. This shared vision is underscored by major contributions such as the Draghi, Letta and ...
Open
Economy
Study for developing a methodology and sustainability standard...
Report
October 9, 2025
op.europa.eu
This report investigates the environmental impacts of crypto-assets and examines the feasibility and potential impact of a sustainability standard. A review of consensus mechanisms identifies Proof of Work (PoW), Proo...
Open
Banking
The geopolitics of central bank digital currencies - Reflectio...
Policy Paper
October 8, 2025
op.europa.eu
In the wake of the US–China trade war and the increasing use of financial sanctions, global powers are rethinking the architecture of cross-border payments. The dominance of the US dollar and reliance on US-controll...
Open
Economics
FEBIS paper - Sole Traders in the Business Information Context
Publication
October 6, 2025
Federation of Business In...
Ensuring Transparency, Access to Finance and Responsible Data Use. See more: https://www.febis.org/2025/07/23/sole-traders-in-the-business-information-context/
Open
Economy
FEBIS Industry Positioning - The strategic role of Business In...
Publication
October 6, 2025
Federation of Business In...
See more: https://www.febis.org/2025/07/01/industry-positioning-the-strategic-role-of-business-information-providers-in-the-b2b-ecosystem/
Open
Economy
FEBIS paper on Legitimate Interest
Publication
October 6, 2025
Federation of Business In...
This paper explores the application of the Legitimate Interest legal basis under the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the context of Business Information Providers (BIPs). See more: https://www.febis.or...
Open
Economy
Bioökonomie
Publication
September 17, 2025
bund.net
Bioökonomie
Open
Banking
Towards a multipolar system - Strengthening the euro as a majo...
Study
October 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
The dollar is likely to lose its dominant position as a world currency. The world will evolve towards a multipolar currency system which includes the euro as one of the significant international currencies. To achieve...
Open
Internal Market
Debt financing gap for SMEs in Europe
Publication
October 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper assesses the debt financing gap for SMEs, which undermines their competitiveness and leads to sub-optimal investments. The analysis is done by exploring financial market failures in the EU in terms of provi...
Open
Economy
The ECB-multi country model - A semi-structural model for fore...
Working Paper
October 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper introduces the European Central Bank’s Multi Country model (ECB-MC), a coherent macroeconomic framework designed to support economic forecasting and policy analysis within the Eurosystem. The ECB-MC captu...
Open
The EU gains resilience from being open and integrated in global value chains, but there are also associated risks likely to affect specific products and inputs that are particularly critical for the EU’s society an...
October 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
Economy
Euro-area monetary policy in a more shock-prone world
Study
October 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
The paper assesses the current monetary policy stance of the European Central Bank (ECB). It analyses the factors driving inflation dynamics in the euro area, drawing comparisons with the United States (US). It also a...
Open
Economy
Member State data on cross-border patient healthcare following...
Report
October 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
Cross-border healthcare refers to healthcare received by an individual outside of their Member State of affiliation. EU citizens have the right to receive healthcare in any EU country and to be reimbursed for cross-bo...
Open
Banking
Digital Euro: make it work for merchants
Publication
September 24, 2025
eurocommerce.eu
Digital Euro: make it work for merchants
Open
Economy
Self-reported and revealed inflation inattention
Publication
September 25, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper looks at household inflation attention in the euro area, using the European Commission's Business and Consumer Survey. The main contributions are to measure inflation inattention and its drivers and to illu...
Open
Banking
Central bank money as a catalyst for fungibility - The case of...
Publication
September 25, 2025
op.europa.eu
To ensure that means of payments are readily interchangeable at face value – i.e. fungible – for retail payments, three elements are required: (1) settlement finality; (2) interoperability; and (3) seamless conver...
Open
Economy
Trade wars and global spillovers - A quantitative assessment w...
Working Paper
September 25, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper examines the macroeconomic impact of substantial tariffs imposed by the second Trump administration on imports from China and the euro area and their transmission through direct and indirect channels. Using...
Open
Finance
Integrated financial and accountability reporting
Publication
September 18, 2025
op.europa.eu
This integrated financial and accountability package is a concrete expression of this commitment, as it shows the tangible results of EU funding and provides an overview of the past, present and future challenges of E...
Open
Economy
Investment gaps to achieve sustainable targets in the bioeconomy
Publication
September 18, 2025
op.europa.eu
This report provides a roadmap for targeted investment in the bioeconomy. With strong partnerships between public institutions, private investors and EU Member States, the bioeconomy can attract the transformative inv...
Open
Economy
The causal effect of inflation on financial stability, evidenc...
Working Paper
September 18, 2025
op.europa.eu
In contrast to the conventional Fisherian view that inflation reduces real debt positions, we show that significant increases in inflation are strongly associated with financial crises. In the spirit of Jord`a et al. ...
Open
Finance
UK Finance Afme Dbt Uk Srs Response
Publication
September 17, 2025
afme.eu
UK Finance Afme Dbt Uk Srs Response
Open
Economy
The next steps for European economic security - Lessons learne...
Study
September 11, 2025
op.europa.eu
China’s data security and privacy laws – the CSL, DSL, and PIPL – create compliance challenges for European companies, especially SMEs. Strategic ambiguity in legislation allows discretion in enforcement, varyin...
Open
Banking
EIB - Lending Report 2024
Report
September 11, 2025
op.europa.eu
The EIB Lending Report shows where and how the EIB Group invested in 2024 — by country, sector, and priority — supporting climate, innovation and energy security across and beyond the European Union. It breaks dow...
Open
Economy
CE Sustainability report 2024
Report
September 3, 2025
copenhageneconomics.com
CE Sustainability report 2024
Open
Finance
Three extensions of the map of the euro area financial system
Working Paper
September 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
Andersen and Sánchez Serrano (2024) define a methodology for building a map of the euro area financial system using data from the quarterly sectoral accounts of the euro area (complemented with data from other source...
Open
Economy
Public debt, i - MPCs & fiscal policy transmission
Working Paper
September 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper investigates the relationship between public debt and the effectiveness of fiscal policy, presenting evidence of an inverse relationship between government debt and fiscal multipliers. To explain the result...
Open
Economy
Nonlinearities and heterogeneity in firms response to aggregat...
Working Paper
September 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
Firms respond heterogeneously to aggregate fluctuations, yet standard linear models impose restrictive assumptions on firm sensitivities. Applying the Generalized Random Forest to U.S. firm-level data, we document str...
Open
Internal Market
CASP 2024 - Starter kit for newcomers
Guide
September 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
The Coordinated Activities on the Safety of Products (CASP) 2024 projects are designed to facilitate collaboration between all market surveillance authorities (MSAs) from the European Union (EU)/European Free Trade Ag...
Open
Institutions
Ha - DEAEuropean Health and Digital Executive Agency
Publication
September 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
The European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HaDEA) was created during the unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and officially launched virtually on 1 April 2021. Since its inception, HaDEA has unite...
Open
In February 2025, the European Commission published a communication, under the title ‘The road to the next MFF’, in which it announced plans for ‘a simpler, more focused and more impactful budget’ – and thro...
September 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
Banking
Crypto, tokenisation, and the future of payments
Policy Brief
August 21, 2025
cepr.org
Crypto, tokenisation, and the future of payments
Open
Banking
Impacts of ESG banking regulation on financing new sustainable...
Research Paper
August 14, 2025
op.europa.eu
How does environmental, social and governance regulation of banks affect capital provision to the sustainability transition? As ambitious sustainability targets face funding challenges, the financial sector is tasked ...
Open
Economy
The economics of place-based policies in the EU
Report
August 14, 2025
op.europa.eu
With increasing territorial polarisation across Europe, place-based interventions have gained prominence among policymakers and academics. This paper reviews the academic literature on the economic impact of place-bas...
Open
Banking
Challenges for Monetary Policy Transmission in a Changing Worl...
Publication
August 14, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper studies the role of collateral using the euro area corporate credit registry, Ana-Credit. We document key facts about the importance, distribution, and composition of collateral, including its presence, typ...
Open
Internal Market
Single market programme mid-term evaluation
Study
August 14, 2025
op.europa.eu
The Single Market Programme (SMP) is an EU funding programme providing EUR 4.2 billion over the period of 2021-2027 for an integrated package to improve the functioning of the internal market and protect and empower c...
Open
Institutions
EIB group transparency policy
Publication
August 14, 2025
op.europa.eu
The bank of the European Union (EU) recognises its special responsibility to be open and transparent towards EU citizens and the public at large. Transparency contributes to the quality and sustainability of the proje...
Open
Banking
Hand-to-mouth banks - Deposit inflows and the marginal propens...
Working Paper
August 7, 2025
op.europa.eu
In modern macroeconomics, the marginal propensity to consume out of transitory income shocks is a central object of interest. This paper empirically explores a parallel concept in banking: the marginal propensity to l...
Open
Economy
Interim evaluation of the Strategic Technologies for Europe Pl...
Publication
July 31, 2025
op.europa.eu
This report provides an interim evaluation of the implementation of the Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform (STEP) until March 2025. Set up in March 2024 as part of the mid-term review of the current multiannua...
Open
Banking
ECB guide on outsourcing cloud services to cloud service provi...
Guide
July 31, 2025
op.europa.eu
The European Central Bank (ECB) acknowledges that the use of cloud services offers various benefits to supervised entities. Compared to internal information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, cloud ser...
Open
Banking
Beyond the short run - Monetary policy and innovation investment
Working Paper
July 31, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper provides novel empirical evidence on the impact of monetary policy on innovation investment using unique firm-level data. First, we document the effect of a large, systematic monetary tightening (ECB rate i...
Open
Banking
AI and women’s employment in Europe
Working Paper
July 31, 2025
op.europa.eu
We examine the link between the diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) enabled technologies and changes in the female employment share in 16 European countries over the period 2011-2019. Using data for occupations ...
Open
Banking
The euro area bank lending survey. Second quarter of 2025
Report
July 24, 2025
op.europa.eu
In the July 2025 bank lending survey (BLS), euro area banks reported that credit standards for loans or credit lines to euro area firms remained broadly unchanged in the second quarter of 2025 (net percentage of banks...
Open
Banking
Progress on the preparation phase of a digital euro - Third pr...
Report
July 24, 2025
op.europa.eu
On 1 November 2023 a two-year preparation phase was launched to lay the groundwork for the potential issuance of a digital euro. The primary objectives during this phase include providing a draft digital euro scheme r...
Open
Finance
Survey on the access to finance of enterprises in the euro are...
Report
July 24, 2025
op.europa.eu
This report presents the main results of the 35th round of the Survey on the Access to Finance of Enterprises (SAFE) in the euro area, which was conducted between 30 May and 27 June 2025. In this survey round, firms w...
Open
This study provides the results of the 2025 edition of the European Innovation Scoreboard. The EIS provides a comparative analysis of the innovation performance of the European Union (EU), the 27 Member States, 12 nei...
July 24, 2025
op.europa.eu
The eighth edition of the EU Blue Economy Report, presented in a new layout, provides a thorough overview of the scale and breadth of the Blue Economy within the European Union (EU). Its primary aim is to offer guidan...
July 23, 2025
op.europa.eu
Banking
Study on impacts of a possible revision of the Mortgage Credit...
Study
July 17, 2025
op.europa.eu
This report constitutes the final deliverable for a study on the impacts of a possible revision of the Mortgage Credit Directive (MCD). The main objective of this study is to provide sound evidence and analysis to sup...
Open
Economy
ESRB Annual Report 2024
Report
July 17, 2025
op.europa.eu
The review period for this Annual Report runs from 1 April 2024 to 31 March 2025. The European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) performed its regular identification and assessment of vulnerabilities and risks. The EU econom...
Open
Economy
The scope of the 28th Regime - A legal framework for innovatio...
Study
July 17, 2025
op.europa.eu
This in-depth analysis, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Legal Affairs, examines the scope of the ...
Open
Economy
The economic consequences of the second Trump administration: ...
Research Paper
July 14, 2025
cepr.org
The economic consequences of the second Trump administration: Key assessments
Open
Economy
FEBIS Regulatory Committee - State of Affairs June 2025
Magazine
July 14, 2025
Federation of Business In...
This bi-monthly State of Affairs provides an overview of FEBIS (www.febis.org) activities, focusing on regulatory matters. It highlights recent topics we've addressed or monitored, relevant to our Members' interests. ...
Open
Economy
The Strategic Role of Business Information Providers in the B2...
Publication
July 14, 2025
Federation of Business In...
Industry Positioning
Open
The 2025 Annual Report on Taxation (ART) describes the state of play of taxation in the European Union (EU) Member States. The report starts with providing the macroeconomic outlook and the challenges posed by an agei...
July 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Finance
The conduct of ECB nonetary policy under international uncerta...
Study
July 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper examines ECB monetary policy amid rising international uncertainty. We focus on three global risks: renewed trade protectionism, euro appreciation, and US fiscal fragility. Using inflation forecasts and sur...
Open
In this paper we analyse potential impacts that dollar-denominated stablecoins could have on monetary policy. We also consider related questions about the introduction of the digital euro. Based on our findings, the a...
July 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Economy
An assessment of the euro area fiscal stance in 2025 and 2026,...
Policy Brief
July 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
This Economic Brief analyses the euro area fiscal stance, i.e. the impulse that national and the EU budgets provide to the euro area economy, with a focus on the 2024-2026 period. In the euro area, the European Centra...
Open
Economy
Who’s most at risk? A global index of climate risk for countries
Working Paper
July 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
This publication examines how digitalisation supports firms in developing effective climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. Drawing on extensive survey data, it highlights that digitally advanced firms ar...
Open
Finance
Tax incentives and investments in the EU - Best practices and ...
Policy Recommendation
July 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
This study evaluates the effectiveness of tax incentives, with a particular focus on incentives for research and development (R&D). It analyses different design options for tax incentives and shows that input-based R&...
Open
Banking
EU banking sector & competitiveness - Framing the policy bebate
Publication
July 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
A sound, resilient banking sector that efficiently allocates capital is essential for EU competitiveness. To achieve it, the EU should primarily focus on completing the banking union. It should also simplify capital a...
Open
Finance
The taxation of the EU’s financial sector - Options and expe...
Study
July 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
This study provides a mapping of the existing financial sector taxes applied in EU Member States and summarises the empirical evidence on the various effects associated with individual financial sector taxes. It focus...
Open
Economy
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not ye...
Infographic
July 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency
Open
Finance
Squaring the circle of the next European Union budget - Engagi...
Publication
July 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
This Policy Brief reviews the experience of the European Citizens Panel (ECP) set up by the European Commission in the context of the preparation of its proposals for the next EU budget. It examines the modalities and...
Open
Banking
The central bank’s balance sheet and treasury market disruptions
Working Paper
July 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper studies how Treasury market dynamics depend on adjustments to the central bank balance sheet. We introduce a dynamic model of Treasury bonds with traditional and shadow banks. In the model, both Treasury an...
Open
Economy
The unexpected upside of depreciation - Bridging Europe’s in...
Working Paper
July 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper investigates the impact of foreign exchange (FX) shocks on income inequality across 31 European countries from 2003 to 2021. Leveraging a unique database of household-level longitudinal data from the Europe...
Open
Economy
Strike while the iron is hotOptimal monetary policy under stat...
Research Paper
July 4, 2025
op.europa.eu
We characterize optimal monetary policy under state-dependent pricing. The framework gives rise to nonlinear inflation dynamics: The flexibility of the price level increases after large shocks due to an endogenous ris...
Open
The State Of Globalisation
June 26, 2025
cepr.org
Economy
Industry Calls for Risk-Based Rules, Improved Data Access and ...
Press Release
June 26, 2025
Federation of Business In...
Brussels, 26 June 2025 — As the EU establishes its Anti-Money Laundering Authority (AMLA) and accelerates work on the implementation of the new EU AML/CFT package, the Data & Technology for Compliance (DT4C) Allianc...
Open
Economy
252704 The Economic Consequences Of The Second Trump Administr...
Publication
June 17, 2025
cepr.org
252704 The Economic Consequences Of The Second Trump Administration A Preliminary Assessment
Open
Economy
In-depth review 2025 The Netherlands
Report
June 19, 2025
op.europa.eu
This in-depth review presents the main findings of the Commission’s staff assessment of macroeconomic vulnerabilities for The Netherlands for the purposes of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011 on the prevention and correc...
Open
Economy
In-depth review 2025 Slovakia
Report
June 19, 2025
op.europa.eu
This in-depth review presents the main findings of the Commission’s staff assessment of macroeconomic vulnerabilities for Germany for the purposes of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011 on the prevention and correction of ...
Open
Finance
In-depth review 2025 Sweden
Report
June 19, 2025
op.europa.eu
This in-depth review presents the main findings of the Commission’s staff assessment of macroeconomic vulnerabilities for Sweden for the purposes of Regulation (EU) No 1176/2011 on the prevention and correction of m...
Open
Banking
Organized crime and banks: assessing the effects of anti-mafia...
Publication
June 19, 2025
op.europa.eu
This study examines how dismantling Mafia-connected firms affects banks’ lending practices. Using a unique dataset of 667 such firms and loan-level data from the European Central Bank, our analysis shows that anti-M...
Open
Finance
Annual management and performance report for the EU budget - F...
Report
June 19, 2025
op.europa.eu
The Annual Management and Performance Report for the EU Budget – 2024 financial year, together with its annexes, is the European Commission’s main contribution to the annual discharge procedure by which the Europe...
Open
Finance
Annual management and performance report for the EU budget - F...
Report
June 19, 2025
op.europa.eu
The Annual Management and Performance Report for the EU Budget – 2024 financial year, together with its annexes, is the European Commission’s main contribution to the annual discharge procedure by which the Europe...
Open
Finance
Annual management and performance report for the EU budgetFina...
Publication
June 19, 2025
op.europa.eu
The Annual Management and Performance Report for the EU Budget – 2024 financial year, together with its annexes, is the European Commission’s main contribution to the annual discharge procedure by which the Europe...
Open
Finance
Annual management and performance report for the EU budget - F...
Publication
June 19, 2025
op.europa.eu
The Annual Management and Performance Report for the EU Budget – 2024 financial year, together with its annexes, is the European Commission’s main contribution to the annual discharge procedure by which the Europe...
Open