This report evaluates the current status of social protection systems in the six Western Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia), covering the four core instr...
The main strengths of the NRSF include its continuity as a dedicated national strategy for Roma inclusion, ensuring financial commitment and policy focus on key areas such as education, housing, and employment. Additi...
Protecting workers’ occupational safety and health is a longstanding commitment of the EU. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) has a key role in the delivery of this commitment, together with...
Smart digital systems are increasingly used across sectors and workplaces to monitor and improve workers’ safety and health by identifying and assessing a range of occupational risks, such as physical, ergonomic, ps...
Directive 79/7/EEC (Directive 79/7) was adopted to ensure equal treatment of men and women in mandatory statutory social security across the EU. It played a significant role in moving away from gendered social securit...
This thematic report has been prepared in the context of the Mutual Learning Exercise (MLE) on Research Careers involving 16 committed participating countries. The report is based on the third meeting of the MLE held ...
This report provides the results of an analysis of the landscape of digital skills certification schemes in the EU which certify skills relevant to the European Digital Competence Framework for Citizens (DigComp). It ...
Public employment services and active labour market policies (ALMPs) have an important role to play in providing adaptable and responsive support to connect people with jobs. This policy report synthesises findings fr...
This report is part of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work’s (EU-OSHA) research initiative discussing the role of Labour Inspectorates and national prevention services providers in selected EU Member S...
This exploratory study analyses the social, economic and legal contexts of and trends in algorithmic management (AM) focusing predominantly on its effects on workers and employers. It provides a preliminary quantitati...
This annual report presents updated insights into the labour mobility developments in EU and EFTA countries using data for 2022 and 2023. The analysis encompasses the mobility of all working-age EU citizens (aged 20-6...
In October 2001, the European Union established the EU Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM). The UCPM aims to strengthen cooperation on civil protection among EU Member States and UCPM Participating States and to facilit...
For three decades, EURES has been changing the lives of Europeans by helping individuals discover jobs in Europe and employers find staff. Moving abroad can be a great experience, offering people the chance to sample ...
The Cross-Border Regional Labour Market Analysis project, commissioned by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy, examines labour markets across contiguous border regions in Euro...
The European Capitals of Inclusion and Diversity Award is an example of how exceptional dedication and innovation of towns, cities and regions can positively impact the lives of all. Over the past three editions, more...
This report evaluates the current status of social protection systems in the six Western Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia), covering the four core instr...
The scale of undeclared care work (paid care work that is lawful but not declared to public authorities) in the EU is considerable. Recent estimates suggest that 6.8 million undeclared workers provide care or househol...
2024 was an important year for gender equality in the EU. In May, the first-ever Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence as well as two Directives on strengthening the role of equality bodi...
The €650 billion Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) was established in February 2021 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We audited whether RRF-funded labour market reforms were implemented as planned and cont...
The European Green Deal aims for climate neutrality by 2050 while ensuring a just transition. However, climate policies often overlook gendered and intersectional impacts, leading to unequal outcomes across social gro...
Community-managed commons, such as urban gardens, energy communities, and shared mobility systems, can foster sustainable behaviours while strengthening social ties and promoting environmental stewardship. However, ou...
The global climate crisis disproportionately affects marginalised and vulnerable populations, who bear the brunt of its ecological, economic, and social impacts. Yet these groups are not merely victims; they are key d...
Providing policy recommendations to reframe and democratise the concept of "public interest”. While often invoked in policy and decision-making, the term is politically charged and remains vague.
For the Green Deal to be just and inclusive, it is crucial for civil society organisations to be inclusive, fully reflecting the diversity of the population and stakeholders.
Recognising the important role that companies can play towards fighting Climate Change and based on the preliminary findings of the ACCTING project, we provide a framework for companies to promote inclusiveness and Gr...
This factsheet provides inspiration for those in charge of designing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies in enterprises, based on insights and lessons learned from the ACCTING research project.
The report uses rich administrative data from different registers in Slovenia to evaluate the impact of the main training and wage subsidy (employment incentive) programmes. The analysis examines a range of outcomes r...
This guidance has been drafted in response to a mandate from the CIS Working Group on Groundwater. This mandate required the development of a technical document to increase the understanding of the general principles ...
The Joint Employment Report (JER) by the European Commission and the Council monitors the employment situation in the Union and the implementation of the Employment Guidelines, in line with Article 148 of the TFEU. Th...
The Diversity and Inclusion Strategy 2021-2024 brought a paradigm shift from equal opportunities to diversity and inclusion. Its effective implementation showcased the GSC as a diverse and inclusive workplace, inter a...
In October 2001, the European Union established the EU Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM). The UCPM aims to strengthen cooperation on civil protection among EU Member States and UCPM Participating States and to facilit...
The European Civil Protection Pool (ECPP, or 'the Pool') was created in 2014 to improve the predictability and the quality of the UCPM response to disasters. Concretely, Member States and UCPM Participating States can...
The Annual Report covers activities from January to December 2024, in line with Article 6 of the Decision establishing the PES Network. In 2024, the Network delivered a full programme of Mutual Learning activities, wi...
This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the AFCO Committee, assesses the status of political strikes in the EU. Whi...
Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments fund...
The severity and frequency of natural hazards and human-induced disasters are on the rise. To help people caught up in crises, the European Union supports a rapid and coordinated disaster response as well as disaster ...
EU citizenship is a unique concept. If you are a national of one of the 27 EU Member States, then you are also automatically an EU citizen. This enables you to enjoy certain rights and benefits that are distinct from ...
In 2023, the Work Programme of the PES Network was implemented in a rapidly changing context. While unemployment remained close to historically low levels throughout most of 2023 (6% in the EU27 in September 2023), la...
The housing crisis is present across the whole of the EU, with some Member States facing it more starkly than others. Many Europeans struggle to find affordable and decent housing. Housing is not only a question of br...
The launch and the first steps of the Union Civil Protection Knowledge Network took place at a time of unprecedented international challenges, with natural disasters and conflict leading to a historically large number...
To assess the long-term sustainability of public finances in the EU Member States, the ECOFIN Council mandated the Economic Policy Committee (EPC) to update its comprehensive long-term budgetary projections by the sum...
This report investigates the political dimensions of social cohesion in Europe, offering a 20-year perspective derived from 10 rounds of the European Social Survey. It scrutinises trends and regional variations in pol...
While member states may set rules for access to professions, the TFEU guarantees the free movement of labour and services and freedom of establishment within the EU single market. In 2005, the European Parliament and ...
This methodological report describes the technical specifications of the EU Loneliness Survey. The survey, conducted in November and December 2022, is the first EU-wide survey measuring loneliness through established ...
This report shows that progress has been achieved in the European Union in many areas connected to political participation of people with disabilities since the agency first reported on this issue in 2010. All Member ...
The EU Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2021-2030 is the policy framework of the European Commission for the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD)....
Over the past few years, the EU labour market has shown remarkable resilience, despite a challenging economic context. From 2019 to 2023, employment among those aged 15 to 64 in the EU expanded by 5.8 million people. ...
The Labour Market and Wage Developments in Europe report provides an in-depth analysis of recent labour market and wage developments in the EU, the euro area and Member States, primarily from a macroeconomic perspecti...
Judicial authorities frequently deal with cross-border cases in the EU that involve at least two EU countries. Cases can include business disputes, consumer disputes, employment disputes, divorce, matters of parental ...
Did you arrive in Europe from another country? Are you and your family now returning home or leaving for another country? If so, then this book could help and prepare you and your children for the journey and life aft...
In an era where travel is more accessible than ever, ensuring access to necessary healthcare services while abroad is crucial for European citizens. Over the past two decades, the EHIC has become a symbol of European ...
This report examines convergence in human capital – specifically that of individuals with tertiary education – in the EU, analysing three phases: creation, utilisation in the labour market and mobility. The analys...
The objective of this audit was to assess whether the EU institutions’ employment framework provides them with the flexibility to meet recruitment needs and improve workforce management, and enable them to address t...
This report contributes to a major research activity currently being carried out by the European Agency for Safety and Health (EU-OSHA) on the health and social care sector (HeSCare sector). The HeSCare sector covers ...
The Social Protection Committee’s (SPC) annual review of the social situation in the EU and the policy developments in the Member States delivers on its Treaty mandate and provides input in the context of the prepar...
This study investigates the impact of technological upgrades and automation, on employment and working conditions in the automotive, sector in Romania, Spain and Germany. Utilising qualitative research methods, the st...
Increasing emphasis on independent living and social inclusion is driving deinstitutionalisation – the shift away from a reliance on residential institutions towards family- and community-based settings for the prov...
This manual provides the guidelines for data providers when transmitting data to Eurostat on Causes of Death (COD) in the statistical collection with the same name. The manual covers both the mandatory and voluntary d...
The Western Balkan region is in an advanced stage of the Smart Specialisation design process, with several economies deeply involved in its implementation. The commitment of these economies to adopt an EU-style, trans...
This study maps measures in EU Member States and EEA EFTA States (Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) to support those with a history of cancer to remain in and return to work (RTW). It finds that there are few legisla...
The purpose of this briefing paper is to look at international experiences of development of social enterprises and identify examples and lessons relevant to initiatives in Eastern Wielkopolska aimed at job creation a...
This edition of the Employment and Social Developments in Europe (ESDE) review examines patterns and developments of social convergence in the EU over the last decade, showing important catching-up trends among Member...
The purpose of this briefing paper is to look at international experiences of development of social enterprises and identify examples and lessons relevant to initiatives in Eastern Wielkopolska aimed at job creation a...
A series of co-creation workshops in 2023 between the European Commission and Member States have been pivotal in shaping the monitoring scheme under the Interoperable Europe Act, now in force as of April 2024. These w...
The Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) guarantees formal access to mobility, the labour market, and various social benefits to holders of this status; however, limited employment opportunities and the path dependenc...
This briefing paper identifies and illustrates European experiences in assisting older coal miners and other displaced workers through early retirement and other targeted support. In the context of the future cessatio...
The accommodation and food service activities sector, also referred to in this study as the Horeca sector, is an important segment of the European Union’s (EU) economy, contributing significantly to employment and e...
The accommodation and food service activities sector, also referred to in this study as the Horeca sector, is an important segment of the European Union’s (EU) economy, contributing significantly to employment and e...
Job retention schemes were one of the main policy interventions used in the EU to address the negative effects of COVID-19 on the labour market. In contrast to previous crises, all Member States used them to protect e...
This report contains a literature review of findings on the relationship between regional actors and higher education institutions in the context of regional development. This involves the examination of a variety of ...
This report aims to enhance understanding of how equality measures are perceived and accepted by majority/dominant groups, and what can be done to improve progress on equality. First, it synthesises knowledge from mul...
Austria is a federal republic. Its legislation is based on the constitutional principles of the Federal Constitutional Act (Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz)1 and additional constitutional legislation which can be found in a ...
The European Social Fund (ESF) is the European Union’s main instrument for investing in people. In 2014- 2022, the fund helped Member States progress towards achieving the EU’s 2030 headline targets in employment,...
This document was developed by the ERA Forum sub-group ‘Inclusive Gender Equality in the ERA’, in close cooperation with the European Commission. It aims to address incidents of gender-based violence in research a...
Gender equality is pivotal for advancing progressive, equitable societies. Traditional narratives often narrowly frame it as a binary issue, emphasizing women’s rights in isolation. However, realizing the full poten...
Important changes to the Law on Protection from Domestic Violence have been made to address the problem of domestic violence as gender-based violence as part of the policy on gender equality. Although adopted since Au...
The report’s main focus is on old-age pension systems. It looks primarily at statutory pensions, incorporating the adequacy contribution of supplementary pensions where relevant. The report also looks at the role of...
Cyber security is an ever-growing field and a necessity for businesses. With malignant attacks and cyber-scams growing in frequency and sophistication, the skillset of a cyber security professional is evolving and cha...
This in-depth overview of European Union (EU) cohesion fundsâ investment in skills aims to better understand the proportion of planned investments by the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+), European Regional Develo...
The principle of equality is recognised by the Belgian Constitution in Articles 10 (equality of women and men), 11 (equality of Belgian citizens without discrimination) and 11bis (promotion of equal access to elective...
The German legal system is a federal constitutional system. The centre of legal thought and practice is the parliamentary statute, but the legislator is bound by the Federal or State Constitution. The system is hierar...
Building on years of joint work within the Copenhagen Process, European countries have now committed to common priorities laid down in the 2020 Council Recommendation on Vocational Education and Training (VET) for Sus...
The report outlines the main themes that emerged during the thematic meeting and summarises the lines along which the discussions among participants unfolded. The content of the report draws from the contributions sha...
This Guidebook is an internal document of the European Commission. However, its content may be of interest for external readers who would like to know more about principles and formats for citizen participation. Pleas...
Digital service delivery has proven effective in particular for jobseekers closer to the labour market. This however raises the question whether and how Public Employment Services can best provide services online to t...
This report provides an overview of the payment of old-age, survivorsâ, and invalidity pensions in a cross-border context within the EU/EFTA (including the UK), seeing that there is a considerable group of pensio...
Digital service delivery has proven effective in particular for jobseekers closer to the labour market. This however raises the question whether and how Public Employment Services can best provide services online to t...