European Job Days - Your pathway to working across Europe : brochure for jobseekers

High job quality standards are at the heart of the European social market economy. Many workers in the EU work in jobs that pay well, offer good work-life balance, have good learning and career opportunities, and prov...

Critical Changelab Handbook

The event

Civil Society Organisations Group at the EESC

On 7 September 2022, the European Commission presented the European Care Strategy (European Commission, 2022), designed to ensure high-quality, affordable and accessible care services across the European Union (EU) an...

This report presents the mapping of the national requirements pertaining to the regulation, education and training of physiotherapists in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) countries, including a...

An unemployed person has the right, under certain conditions and for a limited period, to search for a job in another Member State while retaining the unemployment benefit from the competent Member State. The Portable...

One of the key pillars of the European single market is undoubtedly the free movement of persons. From the earliest days of the European Economic Community (EEC), it was recognised that genuinely free movement require...

Recovery procedures - Compendium of national procedures for the recovery of foreign debts according to Article 78 of Regulation (EC) No 987/2009 and of all designated institutions responsible for recovery matters and their contact information

This report examines the living and working conditions of irregularised migrants across five European countries (Austria, Italy, Poland, Sweden, and the UK) and four sectors of work (agriculture and food processing, r...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the wake of rapid technological advances. Although still in the early stage of evolution with new advances every day, AI has already hit the headli...

Official statistics depend on traditional methods and primary data sources such as censuses, surveys and administrative data. These ensure consistency and reliability but are generally costly and not very flexible or ...

The Joint Employment Report (JER) by the European Commission and the Council monitors the employment situation in the Union and the implementation of the Employment Guidelines, in line with Article 148 of the TFEU. Th...

Unlike past high-inflation episodes, the euro area labour market remained surprisingly resilient during the inflation surge of the early 2020s. This paper investigates the drivers of this resilience by combining long-...

This report provides a general overview of the ways in which EU gender equality law has been implemented in the domestic laws of the 27 Member States of the European Union, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway...

On the financing needs and market potential for the establishment of a Social Investment Fund in Romania

Gender Training Manual

Education, skills and employment — trends and developments 2025 - An ETF cross-country monitoring report

Lending to European households and non-financial corporations

The impact of reforms supported by the Recovery and Resilience Facility in the area of the labour market

Unfulfilled Promises? The state of the social contract in the 21st century

Facilitating investments in affordable and social housing - Revision of the state aid rules on services of general economic interest

This report presents an in-depth compilation of evidence and analysis on how the EU’s principle of equal pay for the same work and work of equal value can be implemented in practice, with a particular focus on work ...

This report analyses and compares the content of 94 collective agreements in three low-paid sectors – manufacture of food, leather, textiles and clothes; residential and social care; and retail – across 11 EU Memb...

Launched in 2019, the EU Product Safety Award is a symbolic award that encourages and honours innovative business initiatives and research that make a difference for consumer product safety. The award also aims to rai...

Between December 2024 and February 2025, CEPOL conducted an Operational Training Needs Analysis (OTNA) on Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) to identify relevant priority training needs across the European Union (EU). Th...

The purpose of the EIB Group Dignity at Work Policy (hereinafter the “policy”) is to establish the formal procedure for dealing with all forms of harassment in the workplace (hereinafter “harassment”).

The transition toward a climate-neutral and sustainable economy requires reliable and harmonised indicators to assess how employment adapts to environmental objectives. Yet, there is no agreed standard for measuring g...

Spotlight on Jobs and Skills Denmark

Spotlight on jobs and skills en Lithuania

An open civic space with a vibrant civil society is at the core of our democracies. Civil society organisations are essential: they contribute to policymaking and raise awareness about important social issues and fost...

The European Union is facing important challenges as it navigates a changing global economic and political landscape. In this context, this joint report by the SPC and the European Commission highlights the crucial ne...

Social economy refers to a specific way of doing business that combines three elements: working towards collective or interest, reinvesting profits and participatory governance. It is increasingly recognised as a driv...

Supporting Civil Society Under Pressure - How Charity Lotteries Can Help Reshape The Funding Landscape In Europe

Civil Society at the Heart of Europe. Delivering together a Union of opportunities, safety and resilience.

This report looks at the breadth and depth of violence and neglect faced by people with disabilities living in institutions. It highlights the shortcomings by EU Member States in preventing violence and protecting tho...

Against the background of demographic change resulting in a rising proportion of older people in society as well as increased life expectancy, the Peer Review focused on improvements in social protection and inclusion...

Gender Pay Gap Report 2025

Competence Framework for European Citizenship Educators

This paper presents a novel approach to measuring sustainable and inclusive well- being in cities and rural areas of the European Union (EU). By introducing a measure of social progress in cities, towns and suburbs, a...

This report examines the implementation of Article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which guarantees the right to live independently and be included in the community. Although...

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of financial literacy across the EU, focusing on the challenges and opportunities for fostering financial competences among students. While progress has been made in align...

This publication, based on contributions from members of the Cedefop community of apprenticeship experts, sheds light on how selected incentives for learners and employers participating in apprenticeships across Europ...

Academic staff are indispensable to the higher education system, playing a pivotal role in delivering quality education, fostering innovation, and driving economic growth. This report on “Academic Staff in Europe”...

Inequalities Pandemics And Social Protection

This study investigates the integration and effects of artificial intelligence and algorithmic management (AM) technologies within European workplaces, extending beyond the realm of platform work. It thoroughly examin...

The purpose of this study is to take a closer look at how different countries are progressing in the areas of employment and adult training, and to share the recommendations of those who know the realities on the grou...

This study examines the current performance and future challenges of EU funding in the areas of employment, skills, and social inclusion—focusing on the ESF+, the EGF, and InvestEU’s Social Investment and Skills W...

This study, commissioned by the European Economic and Social Committee, examines the state of implementation of the European Pillar of Social Rights and its Action Plan in 2024. It focuses on four directives central t...

Spotlight on jobs and skills en Czechia

The aim of this ECE Thematic Review and of the present synthesis report is to review the most recent data and expert knowledge on the phenomenon of people of working age outside the labour force, to understand drivers...

This report summarizes existing academic research and relevant case studies of policies across the EU aimed at promoting housing affordability. This also includes a review of policy instruments that are designed to en...

Following the Social Security Coordination Regulations, parents residing in a Member State other than the Member State where they are insured (i.e., competent Member State), are entitled to maternity and equivalent pa...

This report, covers the following matters: 1) the steps taken throughout the year to prevent and combat fraud and error in cases determined under the coordination rules; 2) specific problems in implementing the coordi...

To facilitate transnational mobility of persons of all ages, well-designed transnational social security rights are a prerequisite. For instance, EU citizens would be reluctant to move from one Member State to another...

One of the key pillars of the European single market is undoubtedly the free movement of persons. From the earliest days of the European Economic Community (EEC), it was recognised that genuinely free movement require...

This study examines how structural labour market inequalities affect women’s mental health in the EU. It highlights the gender pay and pension gaps and new forms of work as drivers of poorer well-being among women. ...

The aim of this paper is to identify key enables, gaps and policy mechanisms that facilitate the creation of quality jobs, promote inclusive economic transformation and ensure that all communities, particularly the mo...

This study analyses the main drivers of real house price index (HPI) variability in the 20 EA countries from 2005 to 2023, employing a Bayesian Structural Panel Vector Autoregression (S-PVAR) to depict the structural ...

BlueComp is the EU competence framework for the blue economy. It offers a comprehensive and future-oriented structure to identify, describe, and develop the key competences essential for sustainable blue economy growt...

The research note explores the mismatch between educational qualifications and job outcomes, introducing a novel mismatch indicator, the linkage score, which can be considered a significant innovation to the mismatch ...

Labels can help identify social economy entities across a diverse range of legal forms, objectives, governance models and operational approaches. Easier identification through labels enhances the visibility of the soc...

The EU Weakens The Rules That Safeguard People And The Environment

Effective surveillance is crucial for tracking HIV/AIDS trends, informing prevention efforts, and guiding healthcare planning. Routine HIV and AIDS data collection also supports risk analysis, incidence modelling, and...

This is a joint report on scoping studies carried out by Olli Kangas (first part) and Pascale Vielle (second part) on social protection systems in societal and ecological transitions. The study has been prepared in th...

This is a joint report on scoping studies carried out by Werner Eichhorst (first part) and Isabelle Berrebi-Hoffmann (second part) on different aspects of the future of work in Europe. The study has been prepared in t...

Improving the collection of national administrative data on femicide in the EU

Domestic violence against women remains alarmingly widespread in the EU, with Eurostat data showing that one in three of the 228 million women are affected. The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) has long c...

This report investigates the evolving occupational outcomes among young cohorts in Europe from 1995 to 2020. Using data from the European Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), we evaluate how the likelihood of being employed ...

A greener economy will require the development of new skillsets as well as support for workers, jobseekers and employers to manage job-to job transitions. Thus, most importantly, the green transition is expected to ha...

This report explores the business case for diversity and inclusion (D&I) in the workplace and assesses the impact of Diversity Charters and the EU Platform of Diversity Charters. The study highlights the benefits of D...

This study evaluates the effectiveness of EU Cohesion Policy as an investment programme, employing a novel dataset that links firm-level data from Orbis with project-level information from the Kohesio database. It foc...

This factsheet provides recommendations on the role of faculties of sport and higher education institutions towards gender equality.

Spotlight on jobs and skills - Romania

The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) is integrated into the European Semester framework for economic and social policy coordination. It is the cornerstone of the NextGenerationEU package and provides funds to Me...

The study explores ways to enhance the visibility of companies’ investments in employee training, with the aim of recognising human capital as a value-creating resource, encouraging private sector investment in trai...

In the first quarter of 2025, the EU's real GDP grew by 0.6% quarter-on-quarter and 1.6% year-on-year, and inflation slowed down to 2.4% in April from 2.8% in January. For the rest of the year, GDP growth is projected...

Study on the challenges and impacts to a social and inclusive Europe in the next decade

Criminal finances, together with money laundering and asset recovery, are central to many forms of organised crime. In recognition of this, the priorities of the European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal Th...

The document describes the architecture and technical specifications of the Release 1 of the European Digital Testing Environment (EU DTE), which is configured as an instance of the Interoperability Test Bed (ITB).

Drawing on its rich country-level skills intelligence, Cedefop develops its Spotlights on jobs and skills for EU-27 Member States, Iceland and Norway. The Spotlights provide insights into the current labour market lan...

EuroCommerce Position Paper on the future Quality Jobs Roadmap

In the EU, femicide data is primarily derived from homicide statistics, which mainly allow for the identification of femicides committed by intimate partners or family members. This approach underestimates the true ex...

Civil society organisations’ bulletin - June 2025

Sexual consent can be conceptualized in different ways, but is best seen as a process and differentiated from notion of wantedness. While explicit affirmative consent standards, which assert that nonconsent should be ...

Because of demographic and fiscal challenges, supplementary pensions are becoming increasingly important to ensure adequate retirement income for EU citizens. In this context, the EU has set minimum requirements for s...

Vocational education and training (VET) is key to ensuring that both young people entering employment and adult workers have the skills to contribute to and fully benefit from the green transition. ‘Greening’ VET ...

On 8 December 2022 the Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO) adopted the Council On 8 December 2022 the Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO) adopted t...

This report details the implementation of the European Union Drugs Agency’s (EUDA) 2024 work programme, the first year of the multiannual Single Programming Document (SPD) 2024-2026. Closely aligned with the EMCDDA ...

Micro-credentials have gained significant traction within the European Higher Education Area following the 2022 Council Recommendation. Micro-credentials offer flexible, targeted, and accessible learning opportunities...

A dynamic, multi-voice introduction to the initiative and its mission to improve democratic innovations across different political contexts and sectors

The conceptual framework of the EU Bioeconomy Monitoring System (BMS) was designed to assess the EU’s progress towards a circular and sustainable bioeconomy. Indicators were selected to cover the various parts of th...

Using a Eurobarometer data set on fairness perceptions of the green transition, this paper aims to understand what drives citizens’ support for the green transition and motivate them to adopt more sustainable behavi...

Gender justice Over Corporate profits

Because of demographic and fiscal challenges, supplementary pensions are becoming increasingly important to ensure adequate retirement income for EU citizens. In this context, the EU has set minimum requirements for s...

Gender balance in business and finance

Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)

Pathways to a strong social europe

The European Disability Expertise (EDE) provides the European Commission’s Disability and Inclusion Unit with scientific support and advice. One of the functions of EDE is to establish a mechanism for monitoring and...

The European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) has developed 13 indicators on intimate partner violence and domestic violence to guide the data collection efforts of the police and the justice sector. EIGE’s indi...

One of the aims of the European care strategy is to improve the working conditions for long-term care (LTC) workers – to be understood here as professionals who provide formal LTC, which can take the form of home ca...

Fifteen years ago, the European Union launched the EU CBRN Risk Mitigation Centres of Excellence Initiative (EU CBRN CoE) with a clear goal to support our international partners in strengthening their capacity to prev...

Cedefop has been developing skills intelligence to support labour market analysis for two decades, with the aim of informing education and training policies in the EU. Most methods are based on ‘conventional’ appr...

This policy brief highlights the need to transform adult skills development by expanding beyond traditional continuing vocational education and training (CVET) to include workplaces and digital environments supported ...

How workplace inspectors can protect third-country workers' rights - Practical exercises for training and organisation guide

Delivering evidence from online job advertisements

Debunking 5 myths about women in the labour market

Learning for Careers - What kinds of career guidance and career education services do young people want in Europe and Central Asia?

New forms of work and platform work in the southern and eastern mediterranean

Gender dimension of labour market transitions - Implications for activation and skills development policies of the EU neighbouring countries

This report evaluates the current status of social protection systems in the six Western Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia), covering the four core instr...

The main strengths of the NRSF include its continuity as a dedicated national strategy for Roma inclusion, ensuring financial commitment and policy focus on key areas such as education, housing, and employment. Additi...