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Featured Publications

Publications (928)

Raw materials
Strategic raw materials - Cobalt
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Nickel (Ni) is used in the cathodes of rechargeable batteries for e-mobility and energy storage and in superalloys for turbines in aerospace and renewable energy generation. It is corrosion resistant, increases materi...
Open
Raw materials
Strategic raw materials - Platinum
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Platinum group metals (PGMs) include platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium and rhodium. They are excellent catalysts and indispensable for hydrogen technologies. They play a key role in hydrogen fuel cells and elect...
Open
Raw materials
Strategic raw materials - Magnesium
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Magnesium (Mg) is the lightest structural metal, offering a high strength-to-weight ratio, making it ideal for automotive, aerospace and defence applications. It is widely used in lightweight vehicle parts to improve ...
Open
Raw materials
Strategic raw materials - Manganese
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Manganese (Mn) is a metal used for energy storage and steel production. In battery technology, manganese is used in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, where it enhances stability and cost-effectiveness. In steelmak...
Open
Raw materials
Strategic raw materials - Aluminium
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Aluminium (Al) is widely used in society. Its high strength-to-weight ratio makes it ideal for aircraft frames, satellites, and electric vehicle bodies, where reducing mass improves fuel efficiency and performance. It...
Open
Raw materials
Strategic raw materials - Graphite
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Graphite (C) is widely used in strategic technologies, particularly as the primary anode material in lithium-ion batteries for electromobility and energy storage. Most graphite is supplied from by natural graphite min...
Open
Raw materials
Strategic raw materials - Rare earth elements
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Rare earth elements (REEs) is a group of 17 elements. The elements neodymium, praseodymium, terbium, dysprosium, gadolinium, samarium, and cerium are essential for high performance permanent magnets used in electric v...
Open
Raw materials
Strategic raw materials- Lithium
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Lithium (Li) is particularly important for battery technology (Li-Ion batteries) for electro-mobility and energy storage, due to its electrochemical properties. Most lithium is supplied from primary resources like har...
Open
Raw materials
Strategic raw materials - Germanium
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Germanium (Ge) is a semiconductor material with excellent infrared transparency and optical properties, making it indispensable in sensors, night vision systems, thermal imaging cameras, and high-speed fibre optics. I...
Open
Raw materials
Strategic raw materials - Gallium
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Gallium’s (Ga) unique semiconducting properties enable highly efficient power management chips. Gallium arsenide is used for power amplifiers in devices, in telecommunications such as 5G, satellite communication and...
Open
Raw materials
Strategic raw materials - Boron
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Boron (B) is used in permanent neodymium magnets, in high-performance glass for e.g. photovoltaic panels, and chip production. Boron fibres and composites are used in aerospace structures, armour and ballistic-resista...
Open
Raw materials
Strategic raw materials - Copper
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Copper (Cu) is used in all electrical and electronic applications, including renewable energy technologies, power grids, electric vehicles, electronic devices, aircrafts and defence technologies. Copper is mined both ...
Open
Raw materials
Strategic raw materials - Tungsten
Fact-sheet
April 10, 2025
op.europa.eu
Tungsten (W) is one of the foremost defence materials, widely used in high-strength applications, and ammunition. It is suitable as well for high-temperature applications such as supersonic and hypersonic vehicles. Tu...
Open
Trade
Europe’s policy options in the face of Trump’s global econ...
Research Paper
April 3, 2025
op.europa.eu
In this paper, we propose and analyse four scenarios of a second Trump administration’s economic policy and its impact on Europe, ranging all the way from moderate tariffs to full trade war, a full multilateral brea...
Open
Trade
Business Expansion to Panama
Study
April 3, 2025
op.europa.eu
Giancarlo is an Italian entrepreneur, owner of the company ScifiHaus. He is a fan of Sci-Fi videogames and has developed a space-themed Hotel in which clients may spend the night in rooms inspired by famous sci-fi sce...
Open
Trade
European survey of measuring natural radioactivity in building...
Publication
April 3, 2025
op.europa.eu
The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission organised a proficiency test (PT) on the measurements of natural radioactivity (U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210, Th-232, Ra-228, Th-228 and K-40) in two building materials. T...
Open
Industry
The Commission presents a comprehensive Action Plan to keep Eu...
Policy Brief
April 3, 2025
op.europa.eu
The Commission presents a comprehensive Action Plan to keep European Automotive Sector competitive.
Open
Industry
Representativeness of the European social partner organisation...
Policy Brief
April 3, 2025
op.europa.eu
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness...
Open
Industry
Industrial relations and social dialogue - Postal and courier ...
Policy Brief
April 3, 2025
op.europa.eu
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional postal and courier activities sector....
Open
Trade
ESMA Market Report - Costs and Performance of EU Retail Invest...
Report
April 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
The European Securities and Markets Authority’s 2024 market report on the costs and performance of EU retail investment products provides an overview of key developments up to the end of 2023, a year characterised b...
Open
Trade
Growth and competitiveness in Central, Eastern and South-Easte...
Policy Brief
April 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper examines the state of innovation in Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern EU countries. Despite increased innovation capacity, the region faces significant challenges threatening its growth and competitivenes...
Open
Trade
A failed business mission to Brazil - Case study
Study
April 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
PAS, a software association in Poland, organized a mission to Brazil for Polish SMEs interested in expanding into the Brazilian market. Ten SMEs from the association joined a trade event focused Software in Rio de Jan...
Open
Trade
Protecting your designs and trade mark in Costa Rica - Case study
Study
April 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
Summer Jewels is a high-end quality jewellery SME based in Estonia, supplying the European market, and most recently, Latin America. Following their success in Latin America, the owner of Summer Jewels contacted the H...
Open
Raw materials
Titanium metal in the EU - Strategic relevance and circularity...
Policy Brief
April 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
This report examines the strategic importance of titanium metal for the European Union (EU) economy and explores the potential for increased circularity in its value chain. Recognised as both a critical and strategic ...
Open
Trade
Assessment of the EU Ecolabel criteria for graphic paper and t...
Policy Brief
April 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
The Commission performed an assessment to verify the continued suitability and relevance of the EU Ecolabel criteria for graphic paper and the EU Ecolabel criteria for tissue paper and tissue products (Commission Deci...
Open
Trade
EU competitiveness - The critical role of intangible assets in...
Publication
April 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
This paper examines the drivers of EU labour productivity before and after the 2007 financial crisis, across goods and services sectors, tangible and intangible assets, and Information and Communication Technologies (...
Open
Trade
Making Europe simpler and faster
Policy Recommendation
April 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
The ‘Simpler and Faster Europe’ Communication sets out our new course to simplify EU rules, making our economy more prosperousand competitive.
Open
Trade
The impacts of African continental free trade area on COMESA
Publication
April 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
This study analyses the impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) using a recursively dynamic global computable general equilibrium (CGE) ...
Open
Raw materials
EIT RawMaterials
Publication
April 2, 2025
op.europa.eu
EIT RawMaterials is a knowledge and innovation community (KIC) established by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) in 2015. The EIT is Europe’s largest innovation ecosystem offering education, i...
Open
Manufacturing
BEEYONDERS launches survey on the role of innovative technolog...
Press Release
April 2, 2025
Icons
Construction workers, particularly women, are invited to share their experiences with workplace challenges and the role of EU-funded project innovations in addressing them.
Open
Industry
The art of turning the corner: Towards a competitive comeback ...
Policy Paper
March 28, 2025
epc.eu
The art of turning the corner: Towards a competitive comeback for Europe’s EV battery sector
Open
Trade
Digital payments in the EU - Progress towards making them safe...
Report
March 26, 2025
op.europa.eu
Digital payments – the electronic exchange of funds, often through mobile devices – contribute to economic growth. In 2023 alone, digital payments for retail sales in the EU exceeded €1 trillion. We examined the...
Open
Industry
Reglamento (EU) 2025/40 de envases y residuos de envases - Con...
Guide
March 17, 2025
ceoe.es
Reglamento (EU) 2025/40 de envases y residuos de envases - Contenido y Obligaciones
Open
Trade
EU trade governance - Assessing Prometheus?
Report
March 14, 2025
op.europa.eu
This e-book draws its origin from a High-Level Policy dialogue that took place on January 10-11, 2024, in Turin and reproduces some of its contributions. The goal is to provide concepts and perspectives to better unde...
Open
Raw materials
Research Fund for Coal and Steel - A summary of the findings o...
Research Paper
March 12, 2025
op.europa.eu
The Research Fund for Coal and Steel has made significant contributions to the European Green Deal and contributes through its steel-related research and innovation projects to the Clean Steel Partnership, the EU’s ...
Open
SMEs
Study of the European Union SMEs internationalisation strategy
Report
March 11, 2025
op.europa.eu
Expanding into international markets outside of Europe is a key opportunity for SMEs to achieve growth and enhance competitiveness as highlighted in the EU ‘SME Strategy for a sustainable and digital Europe’ in 20...
Open
Trade
Trademark management
Guide
January 28, 2025
op.europa.eu
With this fact sheet we will guide you through the essential actions to secure your trademark rights after registration. Whether you are an emerging startup or an established business, protecting your brand is not jus...
Open
Trade
Sprat in the EU - Price structure in the supply chain : focus ...
Study
January 25, 2025
op.europa.eu
This case study focuses on European sprat (Sprattus sprattus) for human consumption in Poland, Denmark and Sweden, which are the 3 main sprat producers in the EU in terms of catches and landings and have distinctive p...
Open
Trade
Handbook for Due Diligence Implementation in the Textile Secto...
Report
January 22, 2025
amfori.org
Handbook for Due Diligence Implementation in the Textile Sector Existing Tools and Gap Assessment
Open
SMEs
Approaches for designing SME support schemes
Policy Recommendation
January 18, 2025
op.europa.eu
The aim of this toolkit is to provide guidance to Just Transition Fund (JTF) regions which are considering using JTF funds towards Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) support schemes (henceforth, ‘schemes’) which co...
Open
Trade
Safety Gate, 2023 resultsSafe products, safe consumers
Report
January 14, 2025
op.europa.eu
The free movement of goods within the European Single market is a major achievement that has improved people’s lives across the EU. Keeping the market safe is the responsibility of all producers, distributors, retai...
Open
Trade
Futures of big tech in Europe. Scenarios and policy implications
Publication
January 7, 2025
op.europa.eu
Big Tech wield unprecedented influence on production and consumption relations. Europe faces a number of epoch-making questions. Will the regulatory frameworks deliver? Should Big Tech be broken up or standards relaxe...
Open
Trade
Innovation for place-based transformations. Collection of prac...
Publication
January 7, 2025
op.europa.eu
The practices collected here include initiatives taken around Europe with different degrees of transformative innovation. They provide a short summary of what cities, regions and Member States have done to innovate fo...
Open
Trade
Policy priorities and initiatives for financing EU's growt...
Study
January 7, 2025
op.europa.eu
Becoming ever more exposed to global developments that transcend the powers of national governments, the European Union needs to widen the spectrum of strategic public goods it provides. To avoid fruitless conflicts o...
Open
Trade
Safety Gate, 2023 results. Safe products, safe consumers
Publication
January 7, 2025
op.europa.eu
The free movement of goods within the European Single market is a major achievement that has improved people’s lives across the EU. Keeping the market safe is the responsibility of all producers, distributors, retai...
Open
SMEs
Monitoring SMEs’ performance in Europe
Report
January 7, 2025
op.europa.eu
The European Commission’s Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW), with the scientific support by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC), assesses the Pe...
Open
Industry
Social governance of the Recovery and Resilience Facility. Inv...
Policy Brief
January 7, 2025
op.europa.eu
Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments fund...
Open
SMEs
Guide to the SME scheme
Publication
December 31, 2024
op.europa.eu
This guide aims to provide a better understanding of the EU legislation relating to the new rules concerning the special scheme for small enterprises applicable from 1 January 2025 as well as to clarify the practical ...
Open
Industry
Horizon Europe and the digital & industrial transition - Inter...
Working Paper
December 28, 2024
op.europa.eu
With the current focus towards fostering and monitoring societal outcomes of research and innovation (R&I), thematic categorisations of R&I activities underpin a growing proportion of the metrics used in associated pr...
Open
Trade
Study on the payment attitudes of consumers in the euro area (...
Study
December 28, 2024
op.europa.eu
This report presents the key findings of a study conducted by the European Central Bank (ECB) on the payment attitudes of consumers in the euro area (SPACE) in 2024. It compares these findings with those of the previo...
Open
SMEs
EU VAT changes as regards the special scheme for small enterpr...
Publication
December 24, 2024
op.europa.eu
The special scheme for small enterprises (‘SME scheme’) allows small enterprises to sell goods and services to their customers without charging VAT (VAT exemption) and to get some simplifications regarding their c...
Open
Raw materials
Resource Nationalism And Downstreaming - Lessons for African ...
Publication
December 18, 2024
atlanticcouncil.org
Resource Nationalism And Downstreaming - Lessons for African producers of critical minerals from Indonesia
Open
Industry
Antwerp Dialogue Industrial Electrification And Competitivenes...
Publication
December 6, 2024
european-aluminium.eu
Antwerp Dialogue Industrial Electrification And Competitiveness Recommendations 06 12 2024
Open
Trade
Circular textiles policy review - Considerations for EU tradin...
Publication
December 4, 2024
eeb.org
Circular textiles policy review - Considerations for EU trading partner countries
Open
Trade
Mexico IP Country Factsheet
Fact-sheet
November 27, 2024
op.europa.eu
The EU-Mexico Free Trade Agreement, which is part of the EU-Mexico Global Agreement that entered into force in October 2000, has just been updated after two years of negotiations. The Agreement includes a comprehensiv...
Open
Trade
The Slow End of the ICE Age in Germany: Insights from Job Post...
Policy Brief
November 19, 2024
econpol.eu
The Slow End of the ICE Age in Germany: Insights from Job Postings on the Automotive Industry’s Trajectory
Open
Trade
Uncovering the ecosystem of intellectual property crime - A fo...
Policy Brief
November 24, 2024
op.europa.eu
This report explores the ecosystem of IP crime and its interactions with developments in our society. At the core of the report is a description of the criminal process by which the various types of IP crime are commi...
Open
Industry
The Wheel Of Corporate Fortune - How the EIB boosts profits in...
Report
November 18, 2024
counter-balance.org
The Wheel Of Corporate Fortune - How the EIB boosts profits in the name of competitiveness
Open
Trade
Quién se beneficia de la Global Gateway? La nueva estrategia ...
Research Paper
November 6, 2024
counter-balance.org
Quién se beneficia de la Global Gateway? La nueva estrategia de la UE para la cooperación para el desarrollo
Open
Trade
Beyond Mirrors - Recommendations for the EU to raise sustainab...
Publication
November 4, 2024
fairtrade-advocacy.org
Beyond Mirrors - Recommendations for the EU to raise sustainability standards through inclusive co designed and co-implemented mechanisms
Open
Trade
IP Systems Comparative: Chile vs Europe
Fact-sheet
November 6, 2024
op.europa.eu
The EU is Chile’s third trade partner and an import supplier, comprising 12% of Chile’s total trade in 2019. Chile has become a key market catalysing the interest of many European companies and business developmen...
Open
Trade
IP Systems Comparative: Brazil vs Europe
Fact-sheet
November 6, 2024
op.europa.eu
According to the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the EU is Brazil’s second largest trading partner, with a trade flow of EUR 92.9 billion in 2022 (EU Trade). The EU holds one of the most important investment ...
Open
Trade
Commercialising Intellectual Property: Spin-offs
Fact-sheet
October 29, 2024
op.europa.eu
This fact sheet deals with the creation and management of spin-offs as instruments for the commercialisation of intellectual property (IP) rights. Spin-off, also known as “spin-out” are entities intended as a sepa...
Open
Trade
IP systems comparative : Colombia vs Europe
Guide
October 28, 2024
op.europa.eu
Colombia remains the fourth largest economy in Latin America (After Brazil, Mexico and Chile) according to recent reports issued by the International Monetary Fund in 2023 and holds the 83 position in the internationa...
Open
SMEs
EIC Trusted Investor Network - Unlocking Europe’s deep tech ...
Infographic
October 26, 2024
op.europa.eu
Unites forward-thinking investors to co-invest in Europe’s most disruptive deep tech start-ups alongside the EIC Fund. Shared vision to grow deep tech companies in Europe. Accelerating the growth of cutting-edge com...
Open
Industry
State aid in times of crisis - Swift reaction but shortcomings...
Report
October 25, 2024
op.europa.eu
Following the economic disturbance caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the Commission adapted its state aid framework and approved since 2020 a significant increase of state aid for und...
Open
Trade
Involvement of civil society in the Economic Partnership Agree...
Study
October 18, 2024
op.europa.eu
The project objective is to assess CSO participation in the EU-SADC EPA signed in 2016 and offer recommendations to enhance CSO roles. The EPA focuses on trade and economic cooperation. Despite its potential, CSO invo...
Open
Trade
je t’aime, moi non plus - cognitive biases in the AU-EU part...
Policy Brief
October 15, 2024
op.europa.eu
The AU-EU relationship is experiencing ongoing tensions due to differing political priorities. Cognitive biases are a major factor contributing to persistent misunderstandings. - Stereotyping, egocentrism, and an over...
Open
Trade
Ex-post evaluation of the EU-SADC Economic Partnership Agreement
Publication
October 11, 2024
op.europa.eu
The EU-SADC Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) is a development-oriented free trade agreement between the European Union (EU) and six Parties of the Southern African Development Community (SADC): Botswana, Eswatini,...
Open
Trade
Cognitive biases in the AU-EU partnership
Report
October 11, 2024
op.europa.eu
The AU-EU relationship is experiencing ongoing tensions due to differing political priorities. Cognitive biases are a major factor contributing to persistent misunderstandings. - Stereotyping, egocentrism, and an over...
Open
Trade
Sustainable public procurement - Current status and environmen...
Study
October 8, 2024
op.europa.eu
The current challenges affecting the EU food system call for an urgent shift towards more sustainability. In this context, voluntary Green public procurement criteria (GPP), referring to the environmental dimension, e...
Open
Trade
Shifting tides - International engagement in the Horn of Afric...
Policy Brief
October 6, 2024
op.europa.eu
The Horn of Africa is attracting heightened interest from the United States, Türkiye, European and Gulf countries. This is reflected in the growing number of military bases, economic investments, infrastructure proje...
Open
Trade
Mappatura e monitoraggio della catena di fornitura e guida all...
Guide
September 25, 2024
amfori.org
Mappatura e monitoraggio della catena di fornitura e guida alla valutazione del rischio per i partner aziendali
Open
Trade
Use of cash by companies in the euro area in 2024
Report
October 1, 2024
op.europa.eu
Euro banknotes and coins are legal tender in the euro area. Cash is also an important payment instrument for ensuring that consumers have the freedom to choose how they pay, and it is essential for the financial inclu...
Open
Trade
Beyond borders - How geopolitics is reshaping trade
Working Paper
September 29, 2024
op.europa.eu
Rising trade tensions, a spate of trade-inhibiting policy measures and a weakening of multilateral institutions have sparked a growing concern about the potential implications of global trade fragmentation. Yet, empir...
Open
Manufacturing
Strategic insights into the EU's advanced manufacturing in...
Study
September 25, 2024
op.europa.eu
The Advanced Manufacturing (ADMAN) study, launched in 2023, aims to support EU policymakers, industrial stakeholders, and Member States in assessing the performance of the advanced manufacturing industry in Europe and...
Open
Trade
EU Mapping: Overview of Internal Market and Consumer Protectio...
Study
September 24, 2024
op.europa.eu
This paper provides a graphic overview on core legislation in the area of the Internal Market and Consumer Protection. The presentation essentially covers the areas within the responsibility of the Committee on Intern...
Open
Trade
Intangible assets of multinational enterprises in Ireland and ...
Publication
September 24, 2024
op.europa.eu
The activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs) have become an increasingly important feature of the euro area economy, affecting output, trade and financial linkages. MNEs contribute to domestic output by maintain...
Open
Trade
The euro area business cycle and its drivers
Publication
September 24, 2024
op.europa.eu
The monitoring and analysis of the business cycle is a central element of inputs to monetary policy decision-making. This report contributes to the analysis of business cycles in the euro area in three dimensions. Fir...
Open
Trade
Elaborating a strategic trade system of dual-use items - Exper...
Publication
September 21, 2024
op.europa.eu
The present publication intends to illustrate and analyse examples of dual-use trade control systems that address these questions in a balanced and efficient manner. It reflects the experiences shared by experts from ...
Open
Trade
A proactive trade agenda for EU competitiveness priorities for...
Policy Brief
September 2, 2024
businesseurope.eu
A proactive trade agenda for EU competitiveness priorities for the next political cycle
Open
Trade
Practical guide for the use of the EU Ecolabel in the green pu...
Guide
September 16, 2024
op.europa.eu
Recommended environmental criteria focus on the following three environmental themes: energy consumption and CO2; emissions to air; and process waste reuse. These cross-cutting themes have criteria tailored for nature...
Open
Trade
From hype to horizon - What the EU needs to know to bring IMEC...
Policy Brief
September 15, 2024
op.europa.eu
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) is an ambitious proposal for a set of infrastructure projects that aims to connect Asia, the Middle East and Europe. Realising IMEC’s full potential will take ti...
Open
Trade
Latin America IP SME helpdesk - Brazil IP country factsheet
Fact-sheet
September 10, 2024
op.europa.eu
Intellectual Property (IP) refers to all creations of the mind, such as images used in commerce or music. IP is usually divided into two branches, namely Industrial Property, which relates to inventions, designs or si...
Open
Trade
EU Construction & Demolition Waste Management Protocol
Guide
August 28, 2024
op.europa.eu
The EU Construction & Demolition Waste Management Protocol aims to enhance confidence in CDW management processes and increase trust in re-used products and recycled materials. As CDW is the largest waste stream in th...
Open
Trade
Methodology for the public sector Tech - Watch use case collec...
Publication
August 27, 2024
op.europa.eu
This report outlines for case collection in the Public Sector Tech Watch observatory. It encompasses the taxonomy designed to categorise collected use cases of emerging technologies, alongside the protocols establishe...
Open
Raw materials
The Raw Materials Situation in Neighboring European Countries:...
Publication
July 21, 2024
eu.boell.org
The Raw Materials Situation in Neighboring European Countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Georgia, Armenia
Open
Manufacturing
Industrial technologies roadmap on human-centric research and ...
Publication
August 20, 2024
op.europa.eu
Human centricity is one of the three pillars of Industry 5.0. This Roadmap shows how industrial innovation ecosystem stakeholders can take a leading role in achieving human-centric outcomes in technology development a...
Open
Trade
Supply Chain Mapping and Monitoring, and Risk Assessment Guide...
Guide
June 19, 2024
amfori.org
Supply Chain Mapping and Monitoring, and Risk Assessment Guide for Business Partners
Open