Nickel (Ni) is used in the cathodes of rechargeable batteries for e-mobility and energy storage and in superalloys for turbines in aerospace and renewable energy generation. It is corrosion resistant, increases materi...
Platinum group metals (PGMs) include platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium and rhodium. They are excellent catalysts and indispensable for hydrogen technologies. They play a key role in hydrogen fuel cells and elect...
Magnesium (Mg) is the lightest structural metal, offering a high strength-to-weight ratio, making it ideal for automotive, aerospace and defence applications. It is widely used in lightweight vehicle parts to improve ...
Manganese (Mn) is a metal used for energy storage and steel production. In battery technology, manganese is used in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, where it enhances stability and cost-effectiveness. In steelmak...
Aluminium (Al) is widely used in society. Its high strength-to-weight ratio makes it ideal for aircraft frames, satellites, and electric vehicle bodies, where reducing mass improves fuel efficiency and performance. It...
Graphite (C) is widely used in strategic technologies, particularly as the primary anode material in lithium-ion batteries for electromobility and energy storage. Most graphite is supplied from by natural graphite min...
Rare earth elements (REEs) is a group of 17 elements. The elements neodymium, praseodymium, terbium, dysprosium, gadolinium, samarium, and cerium are essential for high performance permanent magnets used in electric v...
Lithium (Li) is particularly important for battery technology (Li-Ion batteries) for electro-mobility and energy storage, due to its electrochemical properties. Most lithium is supplied from primary resources like har...
Germanium (Ge) is a semiconductor material with excellent infrared transparency and optical properties, making it indispensable in sensors, night vision systems, thermal imaging cameras, and high-speed fibre optics. I...
Gallium’s (Ga) unique semiconducting properties enable highly efficient power management chips. Gallium arsenide is used for power amplifiers in devices, in telecommunications such as 5G, satellite communication and...
Boron (B) is used in permanent neodymium magnets, in high-performance glass for e.g. photovoltaic panels, and chip production. Boron fibres and composites are used in aerospace structures, armour and ballistic-resista...
Copper (Cu) is used in all electrical and electronic applications, including renewable energy technologies, power grids, electric vehicles, electronic devices, aircrafts and defence technologies. Copper is mined both ...
Tungsten (W) is one of the foremost defence materials, widely used in high-strength applications, and ammunition. It is suitable as well for high-temperature applications such as supersonic and hypersonic vehicles. Tu...
In this paper, we propose and analyse four scenarios of a second Trump administration’s economic policy and its impact on Europe, ranging all the way from moderate tariffs to full trade war, a full multilateral brea...
Giancarlo is an Italian entrepreneur, owner of the company ScifiHaus. He is a fan of Sci-Fi videogames and has developed a space-themed Hotel in which clients may spend the night in rooms inspired by famous sci-fi sce...
The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission organised a proficiency test (PT) on the measurements of natural radioactivity (U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210, Th-232, Ra-228, Th-228 and K-40) in two building materials. T...
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness...
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional postal and courier activities sector....
The European Securities and Markets Authority’s 2024 market report on the costs and performance of EU retail investment products provides an overview of key developments up to the end of 2023, a year characterised b...
This paper examines the state of innovation in Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern EU countries. Despite increased innovation capacity, the region faces significant challenges threatening its growth and competitivenes...
PAS, a software association in Poland, organized a mission to Brazil for Polish SMEs interested in expanding into the Brazilian market. Ten SMEs from the association joined a trade event focused Software in Rio de Jan...
Summer Jewels is a high-end quality jewellery SME based in Estonia, supplying the European market, and most recently, Latin America. Following their success in Latin America, the owner of Summer Jewels contacted the H...
This report examines the strategic importance of titanium metal for the European Union (EU) economy and explores the potential for increased circularity in its value chain. Recognised as both a critical and strategic ...
The Commission performed an assessment to verify the continued suitability and relevance of the EU Ecolabel criteria for graphic paper and the EU Ecolabel criteria for tissue paper and tissue products (Commission Deci...
This paper examines the drivers of EU labour productivity before and after the 2007 financial crisis, across goods and services sectors, tangible and intangible assets, and Information and Communication Technologies (...
This study analyses the impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) using a recursively dynamic global computable general equilibrium (CGE) ...
EIT RawMaterials is a knowledge and innovation community (KIC) established by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) in 2015. The EIT is Europe’s largest innovation ecosystem offering education, i...
Construction workers, particularly women, are invited to share their experiences with workplace challenges and the role of EU-funded project innovations in addressing them.
Digital payments – the electronic exchange of funds, often through mobile devices – contribute to economic growth. In 2023 alone, digital payments for retail sales in the EU exceeded €1 trillion. We examined the...
This e-book draws its origin from a High-Level Policy dialogue that took place on January 10-11, 2024, in Turin and reproduces some of its contributions. The goal is to provide concepts and perspectives to better unde...
The Research Fund for Coal and Steel has made significant contributions to the European Green Deal and contributes through its steel-related research and innovation projects to the Clean Steel Partnership, the EU’s ...
Expanding into international markets outside of Europe is a key opportunity for SMEs to achieve growth and enhance competitiveness as highlighted in the EU ‘SME Strategy for a sustainable and digital Europe’ in 20...
With this fact sheet we will guide you through the essential actions to secure your trademark rights after registration. Whether you are an emerging startup or an established business, protecting your brand is not jus...
This case study focuses on European sprat (Sprattus sprattus) for human consumption in Poland, Denmark and Sweden, which are the 3 main sprat producers in the EU in terms of catches and landings and have distinctive p...
The aim of this toolkit is to provide guidance to Just Transition Fund (JTF) regions which are considering using JTF funds towards Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) support schemes (henceforth, ‘schemes’) which co...
The free movement of goods within the European Single market is a major achievement that has improved people’s lives across the EU. Keeping the market safe is the responsibility of all producers, distributors, retai...
Big Tech wield unprecedented influence on production and consumption relations. Europe faces a number of epoch-making questions. Will the regulatory frameworks deliver? Should Big Tech be broken up or standards relaxe...
The practices collected here include initiatives taken around Europe with different degrees of transformative innovation. They provide a short summary of what cities, regions and Member States have done to innovate fo...
Becoming ever more exposed to global developments that transcend the powers of national governments, the European Union needs to widen the spectrum of strategic public goods it provides. To avoid fruitless conflicts o...
The free movement of goods within the European Single market is a major achievement that has improved people’s lives across the EU. Keeping the market safe is the responsibility of all producers, distributors, retai...
The European Commission’s Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW), with the scientific support by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC), assesses the Pe...
Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments fund...
This guide aims to provide a better understanding of the EU legislation relating to the new rules concerning the special scheme for small enterprises applicable from 1 January 2025 as well as to clarify the practical ...
With the current focus towards fostering and monitoring societal outcomes of research and innovation (R&I), thematic categorisations of R&I activities underpin a growing proportion of the metrics used in associated pr...
This report presents the key findings of a study conducted by the European Central Bank (ECB) on the payment attitudes of consumers in the euro area (SPACE) in 2024. It compares these findings with those of the previo...
The special scheme for small enterprises (‘SME scheme’) allows small enterprises to sell goods and services to their customers without charging VAT (VAT exemption) and to get some simplifications regarding their c...
The EU-Mexico Free Trade Agreement, which is part of the EU-Mexico Global Agreement that entered into force in October 2000, has just been updated after two years of negotiations. The Agreement includes a comprehensiv...
This report explores the ecosystem of IP crime and its interactions with developments in our society. At the core of the report is a description of the criminal process by which the various types of IP crime are commi...
The EU is Chile’s third trade partner and an import supplier, comprising 12% of Chile’s total trade in 2019. Chile has become a key market catalysing the interest of many European companies and business developmen...
According to the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the EU is Brazil’s second largest trading partner, with a trade flow of EUR 92.9 billion in 2022 (EU Trade). The EU holds one of the most important investment ...
This fact sheet deals with the creation and management of spin-offs as instruments for the commercialisation of intellectual property (IP) rights. Spin-off, also known as “spin-out” are entities intended as a sepa...
Colombia remains the fourth largest economy in Latin America (After Brazil, Mexico and Chile) according to recent reports issued by the International Monetary Fund in 2023 and holds the 83 position in the internationa...
Unites forward-thinking investors to co-invest in Europe’s most disruptive deep tech start-ups alongside the EIC Fund. Shared vision to grow deep tech companies in Europe. Accelerating the growth of cutting-edge com...
Following the economic disturbance caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the Commission adapted its state aid framework and approved since 2020 a significant increase of state aid for und...
The project objective is to assess CSO participation in the EU-SADC EPA signed in 2016 and offer recommendations to enhance CSO roles. The EPA focuses on trade and economic cooperation. Despite its potential, CSO invo...
The AU-EU relationship is experiencing ongoing tensions due to differing political priorities. Cognitive biases are a major factor contributing to persistent misunderstandings. - Stereotyping, egocentrism, and an over...
The EU-SADC Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) is a development-oriented free trade agreement between the European Union (EU) and six Parties of the Southern African Development Community (SADC): Botswana, Eswatini,...
The AU-EU relationship is experiencing ongoing tensions due to differing political priorities. Cognitive biases are a major factor contributing to persistent misunderstandings. - Stereotyping, egocentrism, and an over...
The current challenges affecting the EU food system call for an urgent shift towards more sustainability. In this context, voluntary Green public procurement criteria (GPP), referring to the environmental dimension, e...
The Horn of Africa is attracting heightened interest from the United States, Türkiye, European and Gulf countries. This is reflected in the growing number of military bases, economic investments, infrastructure proje...
Euro banknotes and coins are legal tender in the euro area. Cash is also an important payment instrument for ensuring that consumers have the freedom to choose how they pay, and it is essential for the financial inclu...
Rising trade tensions, a spate of trade-inhibiting policy measures and a weakening of multilateral institutions have sparked a growing concern about the potential implications of global trade fragmentation. Yet, empir...
The Advanced Manufacturing (ADMAN) study, launched in 2023, aims to support EU policymakers, industrial stakeholders, and Member States in assessing the performance of the advanced manufacturing industry in Europe and...
This paper provides a graphic overview on core legislation in the area of the Internal Market and Consumer Protection. The presentation essentially covers the areas within the responsibility of the Committee on Intern...
The activities of multinational enterprises (MNEs) have become an increasingly important feature of the euro area economy, affecting output, trade and financial linkages. MNEs contribute to domestic output by maintain...
The monitoring and analysis of the business cycle is a central element of inputs to monetary policy decision-making. This report contributes to the analysis of business cycles in the euro area in three dimensions. Fir...
The present publication intends to illustrate and analyse examples of dual-use trade control systems that address these questions in a balanced and efficient manner. It reflects the experiences shared by experts from ...
Recommended environmental criteria focus on the following three environmental themes: energy consumption and CO2; emissions to air; and process waste reuse. These cross-cutting themes have criteria tailored for nature...
The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) is an ambitious proposal for a set of infrastructure projects that aims to connect Asia, the Middle East and Europe. Realising IMEC’s full potential will take ti...
Intellectual Property (IP) refers to all creations of the mind, such as images used in commerce or music. IP is usually divided into two branches, namely Industrial Property, which relates to inventions, designs or si...
The EU Construction & Demolition Waste Management Protocol aims to enhance confidence in CDW management processes and increase trust in re-used products and recycled materials. As CDW is the largest waste stream in th...
This report outlines for case collection in the Public Sector Tech Watch observatory. It encompasses the taxonomy designed to categorise collected use cases of emerging technologies, alongside the protocols establishe...
Human centricity is one of the three pillars of Industry 5.0. This Roadmap shows how industrial innovation ecosystem stakeholders can take a leading role in achieving human-centric outcomes in technology development a...