This report discusses the findings of an online survey of European citizens’ attitudes to social challenges and their willingness to participate in activities aimed at addressing these challenges. The results show c...
This paper has been commissioned by the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) with the financial assistance of the European Union (EU) as a contribution to the side-event “The future of responsible s...
Detecting emerging technologies is crucial for policymaking as it helps to anticipate future trends and address their potential societal, economic, and security impacts. Early identification also allows policymakers t...
More than 20 years ago, a major and unprecedented development occurred in the European Union with the adoption in 2000 of two pieces of EU legislation in the field of anti-discrimination: the Racial Equality Directive...
Modern cryptography is fundamental to securing the financial ecosystem. The emergence of quantum computers capable of breaking current cryptographic methods presents a challenge to the entire financial ecosystem. Addr...
In order to exercise their rights, authors and performers typically transfer those rights to third parties. The rules and practices governing such transfers vary across Member States (MS) and sectors (i.e. music, audi...
This report by the Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO) provides an updated strategic analysis of the EU clean energy technology sector. The EU's renewable share in gross final energy consumption rose to 24.5% i...
This report presents the findings of the Commission Expert Group on Technology Infrastructures (EGTI), established in November 2023 to analyse, support, and provide recommendations for improving technology infrastruct...
This study explores the current and future flexibility needs in the electricity system as well as existing and potential solutions to efficiently integrate renewable energy and facilitate electrification of end-uses. ...
This year’s TechSonar report includes six trends: Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), a technique that allows AI systems to generate more relevant output by retrieving and combining relevant information from multi...
The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission organised a proficiency test (PT) on the measurements of natural radioactivity (U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210, Th-232, Ra-228, Th-228 and K-40) in two building materials. T...
PrISMA is a Joint Action to pave the way for a future SAMIRA Joint Action in the area of quality and safety of medical applications of ionizing radiation.
Mobile air-conditioning (MAC) systems represent a significant source of energy consumption in passenger vehicles, particularly under real-world operating conditions. Improving the efficiency of these systems is crucia...
The Horizon Europe Policy Support Facility (PSF) has been set up by the Directorate-General for Research & Innovation (DG RTD) of the European Commission. It supports Member States and countries associated to Horizon ...
This brochure provides highlights of some of the SESAR research and development activities that took place over the course of 2023 as well as what is coming in 2024.
The Digital Education Accelerator supported 21 digital education solutions over three years, providing structured guidance, expert mentorship, testing, showcasing, and validation opportunities. As part of the European...
The Multiannual Work Programme (MWP) 2025-2029 and Annual Work Programme (AWP) 2025 provides a general overview of the activities programmed on a multiannual basis in order to fulfil the mandate assigned to the Agency...
Technological innovation is a key enabler for reaching the strategic EU objectives in the transport field, such as decarbonisation and digitalization. This report identifies and presents a selection of new and emergin...
This report documents the process and findings of a horizon scanning exercise, part of a series under the FUTURINNOV (FUTURe-oriented detection and assessment of emerging technologies and break-through INNOVation) pro...
The smallest of decisions one makes is based on some information. Information such as facts and figures, invoices, customer feedbacks, etc. gathered throughout a business's operations is what makes up data.Data in its...
This paper analyzes the characteristics of cross-border M&A in the EU and discusses their relationship with innovation performance. The average EU target firm that is acquired in international M&A is larger and more i...
Protecting workers’ occupational safety and health is a longstanding commitment of the EU. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) has a key role in the delivery of this commitment, together with...
Smart digital systems are increasingly used across sectors and workplaces to monitor and improve workers’ safety and health by identifying and assessing a range of occupational risks, such as physical, ergonomic, ps...
Directive 79/7/EEC (Directive 79/7) was adopted to ensure equal treatment of men and women in mandatory statutory social security across the EU. It played a significant role in moving away from gendered social securit...
The present report overseen by the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI) on behalf of the European Commission and the European Education and Culture Executive A...
EUAA practical guides and tools aim to increase the knowledge and technical skills of asylum practitioners across the EU. To support this objective, the EUAA offers a series of thematic workshops based on the practica...
This thematic report has been prepared in the context of the Mutual Learning Exercise (MLE) on Research Careers involving 16 committed participating countries. The report is based on the third meeting of the MLE held ...
The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) spans over 6 000 km of coastline and 19 states. The region is rich in natural resources: it holds significant reserves of gas (2.7% of total world reserves) and oil (4.5%), as well as other va...
The Handbook on Cross-Border Energy Communities (CBECs) offers a comprehensive overview on how to establish and manage energy initiatives that span national borders within the European Union. It is aimed at empowering...
This study report on the outcomes and transformational potential of the European Universities initiative presents the progress, achievements, and transformational potential of the European Universities initiative, and...
The launch of this new multiannual programming document for 2025–2028, Supporting better policies for a strong social Europe, follows closely upon the 2024 election of a new European Parliament and the appointment o...
Depression is a central marker in mental health issues due to its widespread prevalence, significant disability burden, and extensive social and economic impacts. The COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing conflicts, natural disa...
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representati...
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness...
The report presents key data on several selected areas, such as the skillsets required to perform jobs among adult workers, their exposure to digitalisation, and its impact on skills needs and mismatches. Moreover, it...
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional postal and courier activities sector....
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is an integral part of the EU food safety system, set up in 2002 to serve as an impartial source of scientific advice to risk managers and to communicate on risks associated w...
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is an integral part of the EU food safety system, set up in 2002 to serve as an impartial source of scientific advice to risk managers and to communicate on risks associated w...
This report presents the results of five EU Science Diplomacy Working Groups that were established by the European Commission in order to develop recommendations for a European Framework for Science Diplomacy. The wor...
This report provides the results of an analysis of the landscape of digital skills certification schemes in the EU which certify skills relevant to the European Digital Competence Framework for Citizens (DigComp). It ...
Public employment services and active labour market policies (ALMPs) have an important role to play in providing adaptable and responsive support to connect people with jobs. This policy report synthesises findings fr...
This report is part of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work’s (EU-OSHA) research initiative discussing the role of Labour Inspectorates and national prevention services providers in selected EU Member S...
The project ‘Building capacity for evidence-informed policymaking in governance and public administration in a post-pandemic Europe’ was inspired by the need of Member States to respond to complex policy issues re...
In the period March 2022 to June 2024, nearly €796 billion of aid was approved either under the Temporary Crisis and Transition Framework or directly under the Treaty and based on TCTF principles. Around €219 bill...
The scope of this guide is to support the reader with the understanding of the concepts of nationality and statelessness and their implications for the assessment of the application for international protection. The v...
This exploratory study analyses the social, economic and legal contexts of and trends in algorithmic management (AM) focusing predominantly on its effects on workers and employers. It provides a preliminary quantitati...
This paper complements the study on Excellent Science under Horizon Europe. The analysis investigates the integration and role of Widening countries within the collaborative networks established by the European Union'...
The European Union's common agricultural policy (CAP) has undergone significant transformations in recent years, with a growing emphasis on environmental sustainability. Evaluating the effectiveness of CAP interventio...
After three decades of Alexander Lukashenka’s rule, Belarus remains trapped between a ruthless dictatorship on the one hand, and Moscow’s increasingly suffocating embrace on the other. The EU must reinforce its co...
This report underlines the growing importance of cybersecurity considerations for the space industry, with an emphasis on commercial satellites. Previous years have witnessed several notable cyber-attacks aimed at the...
To what extent can private firms’ external equity substitute for debt financing in a banking crisis? To answer this question, I use firm-level data and firm-bank linkages to estimate the causal effect of an imported...
The European Securities and Markets Authority’s 2024 market report on the costs and performance of EU retail investment products provides an overview of key developments up to the end of 2023, a year characterised b...
This paper examines the state of innovation in Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern EU countries. Despite increased innovation capacity, the region faces significant challenges threatening its growth and competitivenes...
The report provides an assessment of relevant European Research and Innovation (R&I) projects on the decarbonisation of the waterborne sector in Europe, specifically focusing on the period from 2020 to 2024. The repor...
This paper develops an early warning system for predicting distress for large European banks. Using a novel definition of distress derived from banks’ headroom above regulatory requirements, we investigate the perfo...
Concerns about fiscal sustainability and worsening balance sheet conditions of major banks triggered a doom loop between banks and sovereigns during the 2010-2013 sovereign debt crisis. Despite closer financial integr...
This paper investigates the growth impact of the EU’s Structural, Cohesion and Pre-accession Funds. We look at a large sample of 27 EU countries and the UK, over a period of 1989 and 2020, essentially covering the f...
This paper explores the impact of the regulatory leverage ratio (LR) on banks’ demand for reserves and thus the pricing of overnight liquidity in the euro area money markets. We use daily transaction-level money mar...
This annual report presents updated insights into the labour mobility developments in EU and EFTA countries using data for 2022 and 2023. The analysis encompasses the mobility of all working-age EU citizens (aged 20-6...
This unique insight into the corporate investment in Estonia examines companies' finance needs and the constraints they face. The 2024 edition also provides insight into the pressing issues facing firms, such as clima...
The EU Soil Strategy for 2030 sets out a framework to ensure that soils are used sustainably by setting concrete measures to protect and restore soils. It sets a vision and objectives to achieve healthy soil by 2050, ...
This paper explores the impact of bank transparency on market efficiency by comparing banks that disclose supervisory capital requirements to those that remain opaque. Due to the informational content of supervisory c...
The 2022 Council Recommendation on learning for the green transition and sustainable development aims to foster greater cooperation at EU level to advance the deep and transformative changes needed in education. It pr...
We document that compared to all other investor groups investment funds exhibit a distinctly procyclical behavior when financial-market beliefs about the probability of a euro-related, institutional rare disaster spik...
This second edition of the European Maritime Transport Environmental Report (EMTER 2025) examines the progress made towards achieving Europe′s decarbonisation targets and environmental goals for the maritime sector ...
This is the ninth edition of an annual EPRS publication aimed at identifying and framing some of the key issues and policy areas that have the potential to feature prominently in public debate and on the political age...
The external dimension of the EU's common fisheries policy provides a framework for the activities of EU vessels fishing beyond European waters and is structured around two types of arrangement: multilateral agreement...
In October 2001, the European Union established the EU Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM). The UCPM aims to strengthen cooperation on civil protection among EU Member States and UCPM Participating States and to facilit...
PAS, a software association in Poland, organized a mission to Brazil for Polish SMEs interested in expanding into the Brazilian market. Ten SMEs from the association joined a trade event focused Software in Rio de Jan...
Summer Jewels is a high-end quality jewellery SME based in Estonia, supplying the European market, and most recently, Latin America. Following their success in Latin America, the owner of Summer Jewels contacted the H...
The digitalisation of payments has accelerated over the last decades with the internet and ever faster and cheaper computing. Now, many believe that decentralised finance (“DeFi”) offers fundamentally new possibil...
The Education for Climate Coalition is a flagship initiative of the European Education Area and the Green Deal hosted by the European Commission. As a community of practice, it enriches both the Council recommendation...
Soil pollution is a significant environmental and health concern in Europe, with potential links to cancer incidence. The Exploratory Research project “Understanding the links between SOil pollution and CancEr” (S...
While cryptocurrencies are seen by some as a “get-richquick” tool, they are increasingly stigmatised as a medium for illicit transactions. Recent statistics reveal a significant rise in cryptocurrency platform hac...
An increase of e100 per tonne in the EU carbon price reduces the carbon footprint but lowers GDP due to higher energy costs and carbon leakage. Using a dynamic multi-sector, multi-country model augmented with an energ...
This report examines the strategic importance of titanium metal for the European Union (EU) economy and explores the potential for increased circularity in its value chain. Recognised as both a critical and strategic ...
The relationship between natural capital and economic growth has garnered considerable attention in recent years, especially within the framework of sustainable development and European regional cohesion policies. Thi...
This report provides a guide for assessing the hydromorphological quality of natural and artificial lake water bodies in accordance with the requirement of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). First, 60 metrics are de...
The European Union requires a single market for capital. Well-developed and integrated capital markets support economic growth and resilience across the region, offering benefits for businesses, households, and financ...
If you are transporting goods (including postal consignments) into or via the EU, Northern Ireland, Norway, or Switzerland by road, you will have to submit new safety and security data prior to the goods’ arrival. T...
For three decades, EURES has been changing the lives of Europeans by helping individuals discover jobs in Europe and employers find staff. Moving abroad can be a great experience, offering people the chance to sample ...
National Promotional Banks and Institutions (NPBIs) are state-owned or partially state-owned financial entities mandated to pursue specific socioeconomic objectives. Their role has been widely analysed in the literatu...
The Commission performed an assessment to verify the continued suitability and relevance of the EU Ecolabel criteria for graphic paper and the EU Ecolabel criteria for tissue paper and tissue products (Commission Deci...
The European Union must solidify its position as a global leader in technology, innovation and clean energy. By addressing key challenges and leveraging existing strengths, Europe can enhance its competitiveness, fost...
Food use is a crucial point concerning the community involved in the evaluation of algae. Indeed, the possibility of increasing the supply in terms of economy and therefore of benefiting from the huge diversity of fun...
The European Union must solidify its position as a global leader in technology, innovation and clean energy. By addressing key challenges and leveraging existing strengths, Europe can enhance its competitiveness, fost...
Restorative ocean farming is a term used interchangeably with regenerative ocean farming or regenerative aquaculture. Regenerative aquaculture is defined as a form of commercial aquaculture that supports initiatives t...
This audit examined the progress made regarding the EU policy on military mobility, focusing on the EU’s second Action Plan (2.0) of November 2022. The plan was developed under time pressure, amid Russia’s war of ...
During its presidency of the JHAAN in 2024, eu-LISA focused on four main priorities: 1. Digitalisation and Innovation 2. Security and Resilience 3. Social Responsibility and Green Deal 4. Identifying key JHA prioritie...
This paper examines the drivers of EU labour productivity before and after the 2007 financial crisis, across goods and services sectors, tangible and intangible assets, and Information and Communication Technologies (...
The Cross-Border Regional Labour Market Analysis project, commissioned by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy, examines labour markets across contiguous border regions in Euro...
In 2024, EMA recommended 114 medicines for marketing authorisation. Of these, 46 had a new active substance which had never been authorised in the European Union (EU) before. Among these are a number of medicines that...
EMA has published an overview of its key recommendations of 2024 regarding the authorisation and safety monitoring of veterinary medicines. In 2024, EMA recommended 25 veterinary medicines for marketing authorisation ...
This report, aligned with the JRC's efforts under the Global Gateway strategy as EU flagship investment plan underpinning the external dimension of EU policy across the world, provides insights into Information and Co...
The report provides updated guidelines to assist public authorities in organizing and executing tenders for deploying publicly accessible electric vehicle recharging infrastructure for cars and vans. It aligns with th...
Biodiversity is unequivocally declining and chemical pollution is a major driver of its loss. Ecotoxicological studies report various effects of chemicals at different levels of biological organization, mostly individ...
The EU must remove dependencies from its energy system to ensure energy security. It currently remains too reliant on imported fossil fuels which give external powers excessive control over its energy supply. A genera...
In this report we study the implementation and effectiveness of the antitrust remedies that the European Commission imposed over the last 20 years pursuant to Article 7 (prohibition decisions) and Article 9 (commitmen...
The European Capitals of Inclusion and Diversity Award is an example of how exceptional dedication and innovation of towns, cities and regions can positively impact the lives of all. Over the past three editions, more...
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the European Union's (EU) position in the global semiconductor industry. The analysis reveals that while the EU has long been a significant player in the global semiconduct...
The rapid rise of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and recharging infrastructure in Europe, driven by the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR) and the revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (E...
This study supports the European Commission in preparing its evaluation report of the Bathing Water Directive (2006/7/EC). The study draws on a literature review and consultation activities – including an online pub...
This report aims to provide an overview about the 32 case studies of seven ZeroPollution4Water Cluster projects. These seven projects have received funding under Horizon Europe Research and Innovation programme in 202...
European refugee management is undertaking efforts in response to the largest migration crisis in Europe since WWII, caused by Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. During the period between February 24, 20...
Good nutrition is both a marker of human rights and a driver of transformative change. It signifies healthier lives, stronger economies, constitutes the foundation for resilience and touches upon every Sustainable Dev...
For any migration management system to function, it must have a credible and effective policy on return. When people with no right to stay remain in the EU, the entire migration and asylum system is undermined. It is ...
This study analyses the impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) using a recursively dynamic global computable general equilibrium (CGE) ...
SDG2 (Zero Hunger) aims to achieve food security and productive and sustainable agri-food systems. It also underpins the achievement of many other SDGs, including the goals related to health, climate action and biodiv...
The European Union is putting in place a sustainable and comprehensive migration policy, one that is both fair and firm. The new legal framework for returns constitutes a key element of the Pact on Migration and Asylu...
