The 2023 EURL ECVAM Status Report outlines research and development activities, along with initiatives that foster the implementation and utilisation of non-animal methods and approaches in scientific research and regulation. The Three Rs principle, which advocates for Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement of animal use in basic, applied, and translational research, as well as for regulatory purposes, is firmly established in EU legislation, with the ultimate goal of fully replacing animal testing. New approach methodologies encompassing a ran